A neonate, 16 hours old, is in the NICU for respiratory distress. A chest X-Ray reveals heart failure. Lab results indicate: AB positive blood type, a positive Coomb’s test, serum bilirubin 16mg/dl, and severe anemia. The vital signs are 98.6 (F), HR 166, R 70. The infant is jaundiced from face to sole of feet and has generalized edema. What condition does the infant have?
Kernicterus.
Severe cardiac anomaly.
Respiratory distress syndrome.
Hydrops fetalis.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Kernicterus is a rare type of brain damage that occurs in a newborn with severe jaundice. It happens when a substance in the blood, bilirubin, builds up to very high levels and spreads into the brain tissues. This condition can cause athetoid cerebral palsy and hearing loss. Kernicterus also causes problems with vision and teeth and sometimes can cause intellectual disabilities. However, the symptoms provided do not align with this condition.
Choice B rationale
A severe cardiac anomaly could cause heart failure and respiratory distress, but it would not explain the positive Coomb’s test, high bilirubin levels, severe anemia, jaundice, and generalized edema.
Choice C rationale
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common problem in premature babies. It causes babies to need extra oxygen and help with breathing. RDS occurs most often in babies born before the 28th week of pregnancy and can be a problem for babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. It’s caused by a lack of a slippery substance called surfactant, which helps the lungs inflate with air and keeps them from collapsing. However, the symptoms provided do not align with this condition.
Choice D rationale
Hydrops fetalis is a severe, life-threatening problem of severe edema (swelling) in the fetus and newborn. It is also called hydrops. There are two types of hydrops fetalis: immune and nonimmune. Immune hydrops fetalis is a complication of a severe form of Rh incompatibility, which can be prevented. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis occurs as a result of other diseases, such as infections, heart or lung defects, liver disease, or genetic disorders, which aligns with the symptoms provided.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is not typically associated with poor feeding and low temperature in infants. It’s more commonly seen in conditions like diabetes.
Choice B rationale
Neonatal infection could cause an infant to feed poorly and have a low temperature. These symptoms could be a sign of sepsis, a serious and potentially life-threatening infection that requires immediate medical attention.
Choice C rationale
Hemolytic anemia, a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made, is not typically associated with poor feeding and low temperature in infants.
Choice D rationale
Prematurity could potentially cause poor feeding and low temperature, but these symptoms would not typically appear suddenly in a well-baby nursery setting.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Theca-lutein cysts are not commonly found in females of reproductive age. They are often associated with conditions that cause high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin, such as molar pregnancies.
Choice B rationale
Corpus luteum cysts can occur in women of reproductive age, but they do not typically regress with the menstrual cycle. Instead, they usually resolve after a few weeks if pregnancy does not occur.
Choice C rationale
Follicular cysts are commonly found in females of reproductive age and often regress with the menstrual cycle. They form when the follicle that normally releases an egg does not open to release the egg.
Choice D rationale
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a condition characterized by multiple small cysts in the ovaries, but it does not typically cause cysts that regress with the menstrual cycle.
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