A neonate, 16 hours old, is in the NICU for respiratory distress. A chest X-Ray reveals heart failure. Lab results indicate: AB positive blood type, a positive Coomb’s test, serum bilirubin 16mg/dl, and severe anemia. The vital signs are 98.6 (F), HR 166, R 70. The infant is jaundiced from face to sole of feet and has generalized edema. What condition does the infant have?

Kernicterus.

Severe cardiac anomaly.

Respiratory distress syndrome.

Hydrops fetalis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale
Kernicterus is a rare type of brain damage that occurs in a newborn with severe jaundice. It happens when a substance in the blood, bilirubin, builds up to very high levels and spreads into the brain tissues. This condition can cause athetoid cerebral palsy and hearing loss. Kernicterus also causes problems with vision and teeth and sometimes can cause intellectual disabilities. However, the symptoms provided do not align with this condition.
Choice B rationale
A severe cardiac anomaly could cause heart failure and respiratory distress, but it would not explain the positive Coomb’s test, high bilirubin levels, severe anemia, jaundice, and generalized edema.
Choice C rationale
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a common problem in premature babies. It causes babies to need extra oxygen and help with breathing. RDS occurs most often in babies born before the 28th week of pregnancy and can be a problem for babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. It’s caused by a lack of a slippery substance called surfactant, which helps the lungs inflate with air and keeps them from collapsing. However, the symptoms provided do not align with this condition.
Choice D rationale
Hydrops fetalis is a severe, life-threatening problem of severe edema (swelling) in the fetus and newborn. It is also called hydrops. There are two types of hydrops fetalis: immune and nonimmune. Immune hydrops fetalis is a complication of a severe form of Rh incompatibility, which can be prevented. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis occurs as a result of other diseases, such as infections, heart or lung defects, liver disease, or genetic disorders, which aligns with the symptoms provided.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Pergonal (Menotropins) does not extend the luteal phase. The luteal phase is a part of the menstrual cycle, and Pergonal does not have a direct effect on this phase.
Choice B rationale
Pergonal (Menotropins) is used to induce ovulation in women as part of an infertility treatment before in vitro fertilization. It contains follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs.
Choice C rationale
Pergonal (Menotropins) does not inhibit menstruation. It is used to stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs, not to stop the menstrual cycle.
Choice D rationale
Pergonal (Menotropins) does not enhance cervical mucus production. Its primary function is to stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs.

A. Prolongation of the luteal phase B. Stimulation of ovulation C. Suppression of menstruation D. Promotion of cervical mucus production

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Prolongation of the luteal phase is not the primary action of Pergonal (Menotropins). The luteal phase is part of the menstrual cycle, and while hormones do regulate it, Pergonal’s primary function is not to extend this phase.
Choice B rationale
Pergonal (Menotropins) is used to stimulate ovulation. It contains follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are essential for ovulation. FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, and LH triggers ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum.
Choice C rationale
Suppression of menstruation is not an expected action of Pergonal. This medication is used to promote ovulation, not to stop menstrual periods.
Choice D rationale
While hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle can affect cervical mucus production, the primary action of Pergonal is not to promote cervical mucus production. Its main role is to stimulate ovulation.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is scheduled to receive Pergonal (Menotropins) injections as part of an infertility treatment before in vitro fertilization. What is the anticipated effect of this medication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient is to receive Pergonal (Menotropins) injections for infertility prior to in vitro fertilization. What is the expected action of this medication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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