A newborn is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. Which clinical manifestations found on assessment support this newborn’s diagnosis?

Acute diarrhea; dehydration.

Failure to pass meconium; abdominal distension.

Projectile vomiting; altered electrolytes.

Currant jelly-like gelatinous stools; pain.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Acute diarrhea and dehydration are not typical of Hirschsprung disease, which is characterized by bowel obstruction.
Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. Failure to pass meconium within the first 48 hours of life and abdominal distension are classic signs of Hirschsprung disease.
Choice C reason: Projectile vomiting and altered electrolytes could be signs of other conditions but are not specific to Hirschsprung disease.
Choice D reason: Currant jelly-like gelatinous stools and pain are more indicative of intussusception rather than Hirschsprung disease. Hirschsprung disease typically presents with a failure to pass stool and abdominal distension.

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Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Administering oxygen helps increase the oxygen saturation during a 'tet' spell.
Choice B reason: The Trendelenburg position is not recommended for 'tet' spells as it does not help alleviate the hypercyanotic episode.
Choice C reason: While important for overall assessment, drawing blood for serum hemoglobin is not an immediate intervention during a 'tet' spell.
Choice D reason: Placing the infant in a knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which can help improve oxygenation.
Choice E reason: Administering morphine is appropriate as it helps to relax the infant, reducing the work of breathing and improving oxygenation.

A. "Down syndrome is a condition caused by an extra chromosome; the cause of it is unknown." B. "Down syndrome is a condition that is carried on the X chromosome, so it came from the mother." C. "Down syndrome is caused by birth trauma, not by genetics." D. "Down syndrome is a condition that is genetically transmitted from both the father and the mother."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This response is the most appropriate as it correctly identifies Down syndrome as a genetic condition caused by an extra chromosome and acknowledges that the exact cause of the chromosomal abnormality is unknown.

Choice B reason: This choice is incorrect because Down syndrome is not carried on the X chromosome nor is it inherited from the mother alone.

Choice C reason: This statement is false; Down syndrome is not caused by birth trauma but is a genetic disorder.

Choice D reason: This choice is misleading; while genetics play a role in Down syndrome, it is not typically inherited from both parents in the way this choice suggests.

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A newborn is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. Which clinical manifestations found on assessment support this newborn’s diagnosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An infant with tetralogy of Fallot is having a hypercyanotic episode ('tet' spell). Which three nursing interventions are appropriate for the nurse to implement for this infant?

Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]

Explanation

Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate when parents of a client recently diagnosed with Down syndrome express guilt about causing the condition?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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