A newborn is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. Which clinical manifestations found on assessment support this newborn’s diagnosis?

Acute diarrhea; dehydration.

Failure to pass meconium; abdominal distension.

Projectile vomiting; altered electrolytes.

Currant jelly-like gelatinous stools; pain.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Acute diarrhea and dehydration are not typical of Hirschsprung disease, which is characterized by bowel obstruction.
Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. Failure to pass meconium within the first 48 hours of life and abdominal distension are classic signs of Hirschsprung disease.
Choice C reason: Projectile vomiting and altered electrolytes could be signs of other conditions but are not specific to Hirschsprung disease.
Choice D reason: Currant jelly-like gelatinous stools and pain are more indicative of intussusception rather than Hirschsprung disease. Hirschsprung disease typically presents with a failure to pass stool and abdominal distension.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: LTB, also known as croup, is not primarily caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B.

Choice B reason: Bronchiolitis is typically caused by viruses such as RSV, not Haemophilus influenzae type B.

Choice C reason: This is the correct choice. The Hib vaccine is effective in preventing epiglottitis, which can be caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B.

Choice D reason: While Hib can cause pneumonia, the vaccine is specifically known for its role in preventing invasive diseases like epiglottitis.

A. Clubbed fingers B. Meconium ileus C. Barrel chest D. Steatorrheic stools

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Clubbed fingers are a sign of chronic hypoxia and may be seen in older children with cystic fibrosis, but they are not typically present at birth.
Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. Meconium ileus is a blockage of the intestines that occurs shortly after birth and is often the first sign of cystic fibrosis.
Choice C reason: A barrel chest is associated with chronic respiratory conditions and would not be present in a newborn.
Choice D reason: Steatorrheic stools, or fatty stools, may occur in cystic fibrosis but are not a primary indicator in a newborn.

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A newborn is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. Which clinical manifestations found on assessment support this newborn’s diagnosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Immunization of children with Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine decreases the incidence of which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A newborn is suspected of having cystic fibrosis. As the child is being prepared for transfer to a pediatric hospital, the mother asks the nurse which symptoms made the practitioner suspect cystic fibrosis. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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