A nurse at a clinic is talking with a patient who has cancer and takes extended-release opioids BID. The patient reports an increase in localized, achy pain over the last few days. How should the nurse document this increase in pain?

Phantom limb pain

Neuropathic pain

Breakthrough pain

Mixed pain

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Breakthrough pain is defined as a transient exacerbation of underlying persistent pain that occurs on a background of otherwise controlled pain. This is the most accurate description of the patient's experience: a sudden increase in pain despite taking regular opioid medication.
B.   Phantom limb pain is pain felt in a limb that is no longer there. This does not apply to the patient's situation.
C.   Neuropathic pain is caused by damage to the nerves. While it can be achy, the description of localized pain suggests a different type of pain.
D.   Mixed pain is a combination of different types of pain. While possible, breakthrough pain is the most likely and specific diagnosis based on the given information.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hypernatremia is a condition where the sodium level in the blood is abnormally high. This occurs in DI due to excessive water loss without adequate replacement. Seizures can be a serious complication of severe hypernatremia as it disrupts the normal function of the brain.
B. Hyponatremia is low sodium levels, which is opposite to what happens in DI.
C. Hyperkalemia is high potassium levels, unrelated to DI.
D. Fluid volume overload is also opposite to what happens in DI, as patients with DI lose excessive fluids.

A. Anemia B. Hypoxic drive C. Polycythemia D. Pancytopenia

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Anemia is a decrease in red blood cells, opposite to the condition described.
B. Hypoxic drive refers to the body's adaptation to use low oxygen levels as a stimulus to breathe, not an increase in red blood cells.
C. Polycythemia refers to an abnormal increase in red blood cells, which is a compensatory mechanism for chronic hypoxia.
D. Pancytopenia is a decrease in all types of blood cells, not an increase in one specific type.

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A nurse at a clinic is talking with a patient who has cancer and takes extended-release opioids BID. The patient reports an increase in localized, achy pain over the last few days. How should the nurse document this increase in pain?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

You are caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with Diabetes Insipidus. You know that because of decreasing amount of water in the body, the patient is MOST at risk for:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

COPD is known to cause decreased levels of Oxygen saturation in the blood. This chronic hypoxemia can lead to the body to compensate and produce more Red Blood Cells (RBCs) which increases the Hematocrit. This result is called:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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