A nurse at a clinic is talking with a patient who has cancer and takes extended-release opioids BID. The patient reports an increase in localized, achy pain over the last few days. How should the nurse document this increase in pain?
Phantom limb pain
Neuropathic pain
Breakthrough pain
Mixed pain
The Correct Answer is A
A. Breakthrough pain is defined as a transient exacerbation of underlying persistent pain that occurs on a background of otherwise controlled pain. This is the most accurate description of the patient's experience: a sudden increase in pain despite taking regular opioid medication.
B. Phantom limb pain is pain felt in a limb that is no longer there. This does not apply to the patient's situation.
C. Neuropathic pain is caused by damage to the nerves. While it can be achy, the description of localized pain suggests a different type of pain.
D. Mixed pain is a combination of different types of pain. While possible, breakthrough pain is the most likely and specific diagnosis based on the given information.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This is a late-stage sign of hypoxia, indicating cardiac arrest and no heart activity.
B. This is an early sign of hypoxia. As oxygen levels drop, the brain becomes agitated and the patient may exhibit restlessness, confusion, or anxiety.
C. This is a late sign of hypoxia, occurring when the brain is severely deprived of oxygen.
D. This is a late sign of hypoxia, indicating a bluish discoloration of the skin due to deoxygenated hemoglobin.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Inhalation should be through the nose, not the mouth.
B. Cheeks should remain relaxed.
C. Pursed-lip breathing should be done with every breath.
D. Inhaling for 2 seconds through the nose, then exhaling for 4 seconds out the lips is the correct technique. It involves slow, deep breaths and prolonged exhalation to help control breathing and reduce shortness of breath.
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