A nurse at an emergency department is caring for a child who was admitted with cystic fibrosis. The child's parent is given the following laboratory results: sodium 128 mg/dL (136 to 145 mEq/dL), blood glucose 268 g/dL (70 to 100 g/dL), potassium 4.2 mq/L (3.4 to 4.7 mEq/L), and oxygen saturation 88% on 2 L/min via nasal canula (95% to 100% ) . The parent ask how the values relate to cystic fibrosis. Which of the following statements by the nurse is accurate?
"Oxygen saturation levels elevate due to scaring of lung tissue and impairment of gas exchange."
"The condition impairs the function of the intestines, therefore affecting blood glucose levels."
"The condition produces mucus in the lungs, affecting potassium levels."
"The condition affects the movement of sodium and water, lowering sodium levels."
The Correct Answer is D
A. Oxygen saturation levels typically decrease, not elevate, in cystic fibrosis due to scarring and impairment of lung function, leading to difficulty with gas exchange.
B. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the lungs and digestive system but does not directly impact blood glucose levels unless diabetes develops as a complication.
C. Cystic fibrosis affects mucus production in the lungs, but potassium levels are not typically affected in the way described. Potassium imbalance would be more related to renal function or other factors.
D. Cystic fibrosis affects the movement of sodium and water across cell membranes, leading to thickened mucus and an increased risk of electrolyte imbalances, such as low sodium levels (hyponatremia).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A urinary output of 100 mL/hr is within the expected range for a 10-year-old and does not indicate septic shock. In early septic shock, urinary output is often preserved or mildly decreased.
B. An elevated temperature (fever) is a hallmark of early septic shock as the body mounts an inflammatory response to infection. Fever often accompanies early sepsis in pediatric patients.
C. Blood pressure may remain normal or slightly elevated in early septic shock due to compensatory mechanisms. A BP of 130/90 mm Hg is not a defining feature.
D. A heart rate of 60/min is abnormally low for a 10-year-old and could indicate late-stage shock or other complications. In early septic shock, tachycardia (elevated heart rate) is typically observed.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Concrete thinking occurs during the concrete operational stage (7-11 years old), where children focus on tangible, real-world situations.
B. Egocentric thinking is characteristic of the preoperational stage (2-7 years old) and is when children have difficulty understanding others’ perspectives.
C. Abstract thinking occurs during adolescence and allows individuals to think hypothetically, reason logically, and understand complex concepts that are not tied to concrete experiences.
D. Preoperational thinking occurs in early childhood (2-7 years old), which is characterized by limited logic and the inability to think abstractly.
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