A nurse at an inpatient facility is planning care for a child who has autism spectrum disorder. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Keep staff visits with the child brief.
Vary daily routines when providing care for the child.
Place the child in a semiprivate room.
Keep the television on in the child's room for background noise.
The Correct Answer is A
A. This is the correct intervention. Children with autism spectrum disorder may have difficulty with social interactions and may become overwhelmed by prolonged or intense interactions. Keeping staff visits brief allows for positive interactions while minimizing potential stress for the child.
B. Children with autism spectrum disorder often thrive on routines and predictability.
Varying daily routines can be distressing and may lead to increased anxiety.
C. Placing the child in a semi-private room may expose them to additional stimuli and potential social interactions, which can be overwhelming for a child with an autism spectrum disorder. A private room may provide a quieter and more controlled environment.
D. Background noise, such as from a television, can be overstimulating for a child with autism spectrum disorder. It is generally recommended to provide a quiet environment to help the child feel more comfortable and at ease.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Toddlers with phenylketonuria (PKU) need to limit their intake of phenylalanine, an amino acid found in protein. Therefore, the toddler's protein consumption should be carefully controlled and monitored.
B. Foods high in iron do not need to be specifically limited for a child with PKU. Iron-rich foods are important for overall health and should be included in the diet.
C. Aspartame contains phenylalanine and should be avoided by individuals with PKU. PKU is a metabolic disorder that impairs the body's ability to break down phenylalanine, so it is important to limit phenylalanine intake.
D. This is correct. Foods containing milk products should be avoided, as they are a source of phenylalanine and can contribute to an excessive intake of this amino acid in a child with PKU. Instead, specialized medical foods low in phenylalanine are recommended.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. An upper respiratory infection 2 days ago is not a contraindication for the MMR vaccine. The vaccine can be administered once the child has recovered from the acute illness.
B. Correct. An allergy to neomycin, which is an antibiotic, is a contraindication for
receiving the MMR vaccine. Neomycin is present in trace amounts in the MMR vaccine, and individuals with a severe allergy to this antibiotic should not receive the vaccine.
C. A temperature of 37.2° C (99° F) is a low-grade fever and is not a contraindication for the MMR vaccine. Mild illness without fever is not a contraindication.
D. A family history of seizures is not a contraindication for the MMR vaccine. The vaccine can be safely administered to children with a family history of seizures.
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