A nurse in a clinic is caring for a middle-aged patient who states, “The doctor says that, since I am at an average risk for colon cancer, I should have a routine screening.
What does that involve?” Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

“Beginning at age 60, you should have a colonoscopy.”.

“You should have a fecal occult blood test every year.”.

“The recommendation is to have a sigmoidoscopy every 10 years.”.

“We’ll get a blood sample from you and send it for a screening test.”.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

While colonoscopy is a screening method for colon cancer, it is not typically recommended to begin at age 60 for individuals at average risk. Instead, colonoscopy screening is usually recommended to begin at age 50 and continue every 10 years if no polyps are found.

Choice B rationale

The recommendation for an average risk individual for colon cancer is to have a fecal occult blood test every year. This test checks for hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of cancer.

Choice C rationale

Sigmoidoscopy every 10 years is another screening option for colon cancer. However, it only examines the rectum and lower third of the colon, whereas a colonoscopy examines the entire colon.

Choice D rationale

Blood tests are not typically used as a primary screening method for colon cancer. They may be used in conjunction with other tests, but a blood sample alone is not sufficient for screening.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Carrying a patient’s soiled linens out of the room in a mesh linen bag is not the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection. While it’s important to handle soiled linens properly to avoid contaminating oneself or the environment, this action alone does not have a significant impact on preventing the spread of infection among a group of patients.

Choice B rationale

Placing a patient who has tuberculosis in a room with negative-pressure airflow is a key measure in preventing the spread of this airborne infection. Negative-pressure rooms prevent

contaminated air from escaping the room and spreading to other areas, thereby protecting other patients and healthcare workers.

Choice C rationale

Providing disposable plates and utensils for a patient who is HIV-positive is not necessary for preventing the spread of infection. HIV is not transmitted through casual contact or through sharing food or utensils.

Choice D rationale

Disposing of a patient’s blood-saturated dressing in a trash bag inside a second trash bag is a good practice for handling biohazardous waste, but it is not the most effective measure for preventing the spread of infection among a group of patients.

A. A client who has a prescription for a nasogastric tube refuses it, and the nurse complies with the client’s wishes. B. A client who has a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order experiences a cardiac arrest, and the nurse does not perform CPR despite requests from the client’s family. C. A client who is about to undergo a painful procedure receives pain medication 30 minutes before the procedure, as the nurse had previously promised. D. A client who is unaware of their recent cancer diagnosis asks the nurse if they have cancer, and the nurse responds affirmatively.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

This choice represents the ethical principle of autonomy, which respects the client’s rights and preferences in their healthcare decisions.

Choice B rationale

This choice demonstrates the ethical principle of fidelity, which involves keeping promises and commitments, such as honoring a DNR order.

Choice C rationale

This choice reflects the ethical principle of beneficence, which involves taking positive actions to help others and promote the well-being of clients.

Choice D rationale

This choice represents the ethical principle of veracity, which involves truth-telling. In this situation, the nurse is being truthful to the client about their cancer diagnosis, thus demonstrating veracity.

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A nurse in a clinic is caring for a middle-aged patient who states, “The doctor says that, since I am at an average risk for colon cancer, I should have a routine screening.What does that involve?” Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a group of patients.Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent the spread of infection?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a group of clients on a medical-surgical unit.In which situation does the nurse demonstrate the ethical principle of veracity?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A nurse is preparing to suction secretions from a patient who has a new tracheostomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

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A nurse in a clinic is caring for a middle-aged patient who states, “The doctor says that, since I am at an average risk for colon cancer, I should have a routine screening.
What does that involve?” Which of the following responses should the nurse make?