A nurse in the outpatient setting is evaluating a client with new chronic renal failure. The client has many questions about diet and prevention of complications.
(Select All that Apply.)
Calcium
Calories
Phosphorus
Sodium
Protein
Correct Answer : C,D,E
A. Calcium: Clients with CKD may have low calcium levels due to impaired vitamin D metabolism; calcium may need to be supplemented, not restricted.
B. Calories: Clients need sufficient calories to prevent catabolism. Calorie intake is typically maintained or increased, not restricted.
C. Phosphorus: Phosphorus builds up in CKD, leading to bone disorders and vascular calcification; must be limited.
D. Sodium: Sodium contributes to fluid retention and hypertension, which are problematic in CKD.
E. Protein: Protein intake is moderated (especially in non-dialysis clients) to reduce nitrogenous waste buildup, though dialysis clients may need more.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increased appetite: Not typical in AKI; anorexia is more common.
B. Elevated serum creatinine levels: A hallmark of AKI, indicating reduced kidney filtration capacity.
C. Hyperglycemia: Not a direct indicator of AKI, though may occur in diabetics.
D. Increased urine output: AKI is typically oliguric (low urine output) or anuric in early phases.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Bleeding may occur at injection sites when the intramuscular route is used: While possible, this is not the primary concern.
B. The client can experience nausea and vomiting when given oral medications: This may be true but is secondary to absorption issues.
C. Pain resulting from a burn injury requires relief by the fastest route available: Although IV is fast, the key issue is absorption.
D. Damaged tissue and edema may interfere with drug absorption via other routes: Burned and edematous tissue reduces IM and subcutaneous absorption, making IV the preferred route.
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