A nurse in the outpatient setting is evaluating a client with new chronic renal failure. The client has many questions about diet and prevention of complications.
(Select All that Apply.)
Calcium
Calories
Phosphorus
Sodium
Protein
Correct Answer : C,D,E
A. Calcium: Clients with CKD may have low calcium levels due to impaired vitamin D metabolism; calcium may need to be supplemented, not restricted.
B. Calories: Clients need sufficient calories to prevent catabolism. Calorie intake is typically maintained or increased, not restricted.
C. Phosphorus: Phosphorus builds up in CKD, leading to bone disorders and vascular calcification; must be limited.
D. Sodium: Sodium contributes to fluid retention and hypertension, which are problematic in CKD.
E. Protein: Protein intake is moderated (especially in non-dialysis clients) to reduce nitrogenous waste buildup, though dialysis clients may need more.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Bradycardia: Peritonitis is usually associated with tachycardia, not bradycardia.
B. Nausea and vomiting: These are common early signs of peritonitis, often accompanied by abdominal pain and fever.
C. Increased urinary output: Clients with peritoneal dialysis often have reduced kidney function, so urine output is generally decreased, not increased.
D. Hyperactive bowel sounds: Bowel sounds are usually diminished or hypoactive in peritonitis due to inflammation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate:
This medication removes potassium through the GI tract and is used to treat hyperkalemia.
B. Initiating an IV potassium infusion:
The client already has hyperkalemia; giving potassium would worsen it.
C. Administering a potassium-sparing diuretic:
These medications retain potassium and would further elevate potassium levels.
D. Encouraging the client to eat bananas:
Bananas are high in potassium and should be avoided in hyperkalemia.
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