A nurse is a member of a quality improvement committee utilizing the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) model for quality improvement. The nurse should identify evaluation as part of which of the following components of the PDCA model?
Do
Check
Act
Plan
The Correct Answer is B
A. The "Do" component refers to the implementation of the plan, where changes or improvements are put into action, but evaluation does not occur in this phase.
B. The "Check" component involves evaluating the results of the implemented changes to determine their effectiveness, making this the appropriate phase for assessment and analysis of outcomes.
C. The "Act" component involves making adjustments based on the evaluation results, but the actual evaluation itself is part of the "Check" phase.
D. The "Plan" component involves identifying problems and planning interventions but does not include evaluating the effectiveness of those interventions, which is why it is not the correct answer.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Raising all four side rails on a confused client’s bed is considered a restraint and violates the principle of autonomy. Restraints should only be used as a last resort and require a provider’s order. Ethical practice involves finding less restrictive alternatives, such as using a sitter or bed alarms.
B. Administering opioids to a terminally ill client, even with a low respiratory rate, aligns with ethical nursing principles such as beneficence (relieving suffering) and nonmaleficence (preventing harm) when used for palliative care. In end-of-life care, the priority is comfort, and pain management is considered ethical even if it may impact respiration. This aligns with the principle of double effect, which justifies an action intended for good (pain relief) even if it has potential negative side effects (respiratory depression).
C. Electing not to care for a client due to personal beliefs is an example of bias and does not adhere to the ethical principle of fidelity, which requires nurses to provide care regardless of personal beliefs.
D. Withholding nutrition from a client with a DNR order is not ethical unless there is a clear directive regarding the client's wishes, and it may cause harm.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Meeting with the nursing staff to review the policy regarding advance directives addresses the systemic issue of documentation. This action helps to ensure that all staff are aware of the importance of advance directives and the necessity for proper documentation moving forward.
B. Reinforcing potential consequences is important but may not directly resolve the immediate lack of documentation in the records. Education without action does not change current practice.
C. Asking nurses to obtain the information is a necessary step, but it is essential first to address the overall understanding and policy compliance with the entire nursing staff.
D. Reminding nurses to obtain this information during the admission process is a good practice, but it does not address the current records that are lacking documentation.
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