A nurse is admitting a client who has pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to be present during the assessment? (Select all that apply.)
Hypertension
Frequency
Flank pain
Neck pain
Costovertebral tenderness
Urgency
Correct Answer : B,C,E,F
Choice A rationale
Hypertension is not a typical manifestation of pyelonephritis. While it can be present due to other underlying conditions, it is not directly related to pyelonephritis.
Choice B rationale
Frequency, or the need to urinate more often, is a common symptom of pyelonephritis as the infection can irritate the bladder and urinary tract.
Choice C rationale
Flank pain is a classic symptom of pyelonephritis. It is usually located on the side of the affected kidney and can be quite severe.
Choice D rationale
Neck pain is not associated with pyelonephritis. It is more likely related to musculoskeletal issues or other non-urinary tract conditions.
Choice E rationale
Costovertebral tenderness, which is tenderness felt on tapping the back where the ribs meet the spine, is indicative of kidney infection and is expected in pyelonephritis.
Choice F rationale
Urgency, or a sudden, strong need to urinate, is another symptom of pyelonephritis due to inflammation and irritation in the urinary system.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
In prerenal AKI, the kidneys are not receiving enough blood flow. As a result, they cannot filter potassium out of the blood efficiently, leading to hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. This condition is dangerous because it can cause cardiac dysrhythmias and muscle weakness.
Choice B rationale
Hypernatremia, an elevated sodium level, is not typically associated with prerenal AKI. It is more commonly related to dehydration or an excessive intake of sodium, which are not direct consequences of prerenal AKI.
Choice C rationale
Hypercalcemia, an elevated calcium level, is also not a common finding in prerenal AKI. It is usually associated with other conditions such as hyperparathyroidism or malignancy.
Choice D rationale
Hypophosphatemia, a low level of phosphate in the blood, is not a typical result of prerenal AKI. It can occur due to malnutrition or malabsorption, but it is not directly caused by prerenal AKI.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Monitoring calcium levels is important after administering calcium gluconate IV, but it is not the primary indicator of the medication's effectiveness in treating hyperkalemia. Calcium gluconate is used in hyperkalemia to stabilize the heart muscle, not to correct calcium levels.
Choice B rationale
Neurologic status may be affected by hyperkalemia, but changes in neurologic status are not the most direct measure of calcium gluconate's effectiveness. The medication's primary role is to address cardiac risks associated with high potassium levels.
Choice C rationale
Cardiac rhythm is the most critical aspect to monitor after administering calcium gluconate for hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias, and calcium gluconate works by stabilizing the cardiac membrane, thus the effectiveness of the treatment is directly reflected in the stabilization of the cardiac rhythm.
Choice D rationale
While urine volume can indicate kidney function and might indirectly reflect changes in potassium levels, it is not the direct measure of calcium gluconate's effectiveness in the emergency treatment of hyperkalemia.
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