A nurse is assessing a child who has nephrotic syndrome. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Edema with normal or low BP

Edema with hypertension

Unexpected weight loss

Frequency and urgency

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Edema with normal or low BP is correct. In nephrotic syndrome, fluid retention leads to edema, and blood pressure is typically normal or low due to the loss of protein in the urine and reduced plasma oncotic pressure.
B.   Edema with hypertension is less common in nephrotic syndrome but may occur in cases with significant fluid retention or other complications.
C.   Unexpected weight loss is incorrect. Weight gain due to fluid retention is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome.
D.   Frequency and urgency are not common symptoms of nephrotic syndrome; these are more typical of urinary tract infections.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pain management is important, but the priority after surgery is to monitor vital signs and assess for complications like shunt malfunction.
B. Teaching is important but not the priority immediately post-surgery. The priority is to monitor for complications in the immediate postoperative period.
C. Fluid intake is important but not the primary concern immediately after surgery. The focus should be on monitoring for complications and managing pain.
D. After a VP shunt procedure, monitoring for complications such as infection or shunt malfunction is critical. Vital signs should be assessed regularly to detect signs of these complications.

A. Increased somnolence B. Increased heart rate C. Depressed fontanels D. Brisk pupillary reaction to light.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Increased somnolence or lethargy is a common sign of increased intracranial pressure in infants.
B. Increased heart rate may initially occur but can later slow down as intracranial pressure rises, leading to bradycardia.
C. Depressed fontanels are indicative of dehydration, not increased intracranial pressure. Bulging fontanels are more indicative of increased intracranial pressure.
D. Brisk pupillary reaction to light is normal; a sluggish or absent reaction could indicate increased intracranial pressure.

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