A nurse is assessing a client at a dermatology clinic. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for developing malignant melanoma?

Dark hair

Female gender

History of chronic skin irritation

Age 19 to 30 years

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:
Dark hair is not a recognized risk factor for developing malignant melanoma. Melanoma is more commonly associated with individuals having fair skin, light hair, and light-colored eyes because they have less melanin to protect their skin from UV radiation.

Choice B reason:
While female gender is not a direct risk factor for malignant melanoma, it is important to note that melanoma rates can vary between genders at different ages. Generally, before age 50, melanoma rates are higher in women, but by age 65, rates are twice as high in men.

Choice C reason:
A history of chronic skin irritation or inflammation can potentially increase the risk of developing skin cancer, including melanoma. Chronic inflammation can lead to DNA damage and contribute to the development of cancerous cells.

Choice D reason:
Age 19 to 30 years is not considered a high-risk age group for malignant melanoma. The risk of melanoma increases with age, and it is most frequently diagnosed in older adults, although it is not uncommon in younger people.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Decreased hemoglobin (Hgb) levels can be indicative of anemia or blood loss, but they are not typically associated with fluid volume deficit. In cases of fluid volume deficit, the Hgb concentration may actually appear elevated due to hemoconcentration as the plasma volume decreases.

Choice B reason:
Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels are expected in a fluid volume deficit because as the blood volume decreases, the concentration of solutes like urea can increase. This is often due to decreased renal perfusion and subsequent reduced renal function, leading to less urea being excreted through the kidneys.

Choice C reason:
Increased urine ketones are typically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis or starvation, not directly with fluid volume deficit. Ketones are produced when the body breaks down fats for energy, which is not a process directly related to fluid volume status.

Choice D reason:
Decreased urine specific gravity would not be expected in fluid volume deficit; in fact, one would expect the opposite. Specific gravity measures the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. In fluid volume deficit, the urine specific gravity would likely be increased as the body attempts to conserve water.

A. Weight loss B. Hematuria C. Bradycardia D. Hypertension

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Weight loss is a common finding in individuals with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Due to the lack of insulin, the body cannot utilize glucose effectively, leading to the breakdown of body fat and muscle for energy, resulting in weight loss.

Choice B reason:
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is not a typical finding associated with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus. While diabetes can cause kidney damage over time, leading to proteinuria, hematuria would not be an expected finding solely due to uncontrolled diabetes.

Choice C reason:
Bradycardia, or a slower than normal heart rate, is not a common finding in uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus. In fact, diabetes can sometimes cause autonomic neuropathy, which can affect the heart rate, but this typically does not result in bradycardia.

Choice D reason:
Hypertension is more commonly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, often due to insulin resistance. In type 1 diabetes, especially when uncontrolled, hypertension is not a typical finding unless there is coexisting kidney damage.

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A nurse is assessing a client at a dermatology clinic. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for developing malignant melanoma?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has a fluid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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