A nurse is caring for a client immediately following a hemodialysis treatment. For which of the following manifestations will the nurse administer a PRN dose of phenytoin?

Headache, restlessness

Decreased blood pressure, rapid pulse

Muscle cramps, chest heaviness

Pain and tingling at the access site

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The correct answer is Choice A

Choice A rationale: Headache and restlessness can be signs of a seizure or neurological disturbance, which phenytoin is used to treat. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication that helps control seizures by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing excitability.

Choice B rationale: Decreased blood pressure and rapid pulse are not indications for phenytoin administration. These symptoms may suggest hypotension or cardiovascular issues, which require different interventions such as fluid resuscitation or vasopressors.

Choice C rationale: Muscle cramps and chest heaviness are not treated with phenytoin. These symptoms could indicate electrolyte imbalances or cardiac issues, which need specific treatments like electrolyte replacement or cardiac monitoring.

Choice D rationale: Pain and tingling at the access site are not indications for phenytoin administration. These symptoms may suggest local irritation or infection at the dialysis access site, requiring appropriate wound care or antibiotics.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pruritus, or severe itching, is a common symptom in patients with ESRD due to the build-up of waste products in the body.

Choice B reason: Slurred speech is not typically associated with ESRD. It may be a symptom of other neurological conditions or could be related to medications or treatments.

Choice C reason: Hypotension can be an expected finding in ESRD due to the fluid shifts and changes in blood volume

that occur during dialysis treatment.

Choice D reason: Bone pain is a known complication of ESRD, often resulting from the mineral and bone disorders that are part of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).

Choice E reason: Bradypnea, or abnormally slow breathing, may occur in ESRD as a result of metabolic changes affecting the respiratory system.

A. Black American B. Asian American C. Non-Hispanic White D. Hispanic/Latino

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Black Americans have been found to have a higher prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetes mellitus compared to other ethnic groups. This is atributed to a combination of factors including higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, and genetic predispositions that contribute to kidney damage.

Choice B reason: While Asian Americans do have a significant incidence of diabetes mellitus, they are not the group with the highest prevalence of ESRD due to diabetes. However, within the Asian American population, there are subgroups that have higher rates of ESRD, which may be in?uenced by genetic and environmental factors.

Choice C reason: Non-Hispanic Whites have a lower prevalence of ESRD due to diabetes mellitus when compared to Black Americans. However, they still constitute a significant portion of the ESRD population due to the larger size of this demographic group in the general population.

Choice D reason: Hispanic/Latinos also su?er from a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, which can lead to ESRD. However, the rate of progression to ESRD due to diabetes is not as high as in the Black American population.

Socioeconomic factors and access to healthcare may in?uence these outcomes.

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A nurse is caring for a client immediately following a hemodialysis treatment. For which of the following manifestations will the nurse administer a PRN dose of phenytoin?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following are expected findings? (Select all that apply).

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse in a public clinic is researching health data on culturally diverse populations in the community. Which of the following population groups should the nurse anticipate having end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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