A nurse is assessing a client who has a long history of smoking and suspected of having laryngeal cancer. The nurse should anticipate that the client will report that her earliest manifestation was

hoarseness.

dysphagia.

weight loss.

dyspnea.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Hoarseness or changes in voice quality is one of the hallmark symptoms of laryngeal cancer. It occurs due to the tumor affecting the vocal cords or surrounding structures. Hoarseness is often persistent and does not resolve with voice rest or usual treatments for laryngitis.
B.   Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can occur in laryngeal cancer, especially if the tumor affects the structures involved in swallowing. However, dysphagia typically occurs later in the course of the disease as the tumor grows and obstructs the passage of food or liquids.
C.   Weight loss can be a symptom of advanced laryngeal cancer but is less commonly reported as an early manifestation. Significant weight loss may occur as a result of difficulty eating due to dysphagia or as a generalized effect of cancer on the body.
D.   Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is not typically an early manifestation of laryngeal cancer unless the tumor is large and obstructs the airway. It is more commonly associated with advanced disease or tumors that have spread to nearby structures.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Indirect contact transmission occurs when a person touches a contaminated object or surface and then transfers the infectious agent to themselves by touching their own mucous membranes (such as mouth, nose, eyes) or broken skin. In this scenario, the client acquired the Staphylococcus aureus infection by touching a contaminated towel, which is an example of indirect contact transmission.
B. Airborne transmission involves the spread of infectious agents through droplet nuclei (small particles) that remain suspended in the air for long periods or are disseminated over long distances. Staphylococcus aureus infections are typically not transmitted through airborne routes unless they are associated with respiratory droplets, which is less common compared to other pathogens.
C. Droplet transmission occurs when respiratory droplets containing infectious pathogens (such as viruses or bacteria) are generated through activities like coughing, sneezing, or talking, and then deposited onto mucous membranes of nearby individuals. Staphylococcus aureus infections are not typically transmitted through droplet routes unless they are associated with respiratory colonization or infections.
D. Vector transmission involves the transfer of infectious agents from one host to another by a vector, such as mosquitoes, ticks, or other animals. Staphylococcus aureus infections are not transmitted through vectors; they primarily spread through direct or indirect contact with contaminated surfaces, equipment, or healthcare personnel.

A. Adjust the water temperature to feel hot. B. Apply 4 to 5 mL of liquid soap to the hands. C. Hold the hands higher than the elbows. D. Rub hands and arms to dry.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The water temperature for handwashing should be comfortable and tolerable for the hands. Hot water can be drying to the skin and may not necessarily improve the effectiveness of hand hygiene. Ideally, the water temperature should be warm, but not uncomfortably hot or cold, to encourage thorough handwashing.
B. The amount of soap used for handwashing is important for effective cleaning. Applying 4 to 5 mL (approximately a teaspoon) of liquid soap ensures adequate coverage to create lather and effectively cleanse the hands. Too little soap may not produce enough lather to clean effectively, while too much may be wasteful.
C. During hand hygiene, it's recommended to keep the hands lower than the elbows to prevent water from running from the contaminated area (hands) to the cleaner area (elbows). This helps maintain hygiene and prevents potential contamination of the cleaned hands.
D. After washing hands with soap and water, it's important to dry them thoroughly. However, rubbing hands and arms to dry is not recommended. Instead, hands should be dried using a clean towel or paper towel. Rubbing can cause friction and potential irritation to the skin.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has a long history of smoking and suspected of having laryngeal cancer. The nurse should anticipate that the client will report that her earliest manifestation was

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who acquired a Staphylococcus aureus infection from touching a contaminated towel. Through which of the following modes of transmission did the client acquire the infection?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A home health nurse is assessing a patient who has heart failure and notes the patient has had a weight gain of 1.8 kg (4 lb), as well as generalized edema, since the last visit 3 days ago. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next?

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A charge nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about health care-associated infections (HAIs). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching as examples of HAIS?

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A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize that the client understands the teaching when he identifies which of the following as manifestations of hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply.)

A hospice nurse is caring for a client who has terminal cancer and takes PO morphine for pain relief. The client reports that he had to increase the dose of morphine this week to obtain pain relief. Which of the following scenarios should the nurse document as the explanation for this situation?

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