A nurse is assessing a client who has hypoxemic respiratory failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Pulmonary edema

Opioid toxicity

Myasthenia gravis

Flail chest

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Pulmonary edema: Pulmonary edema occurs when fluid accumulates in the lungs, impairing gas exchange and leading to hypoxemia. This condition is a common cause of hypoxemic respiratory failure, and patients often present with symptoms such as dyspnea, crackles on auscultation, and hypoxemia. The nurse would expect this finding in a client experiencing hypoxemic respiratory failure.
B. Opioid toxicity: Opioid toxicity can cause respiratory depression, but it typically leads to hypoventilation, which results in hypercapnic respiratory failure (elevated carbon dioxide levels) rather than hypoxemic respiratory failure. Therefore, while opioid toxicity affects breathing, it is not directly associated with hypoxemic respiratory failure.
C. Myasthenia gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder that leads to muscle weakness, including respiratory muscles. While it can cause respiratory failure in severe cases, it does not directly cause hypoxemic respiratory failure. Respiratory failure in myasthenia gravis is often due to insufficient ventilation rather than impaired oxygenation, so this is not the expected finding in hypoxemic respiratory failure.
D. Flail chest: Flail chest occurs due to multiple rib fractures that result in a segment of the chest wall moving paradoxically, impairing ventilation. While this condition can lead to respiratory failure, it typically causes hypercapnic rather than hypoxemic respiratory failure. Therefore, it is less likely to be the cause of hypoxemic respiratory failure in this scenario.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Asthma: Although asthma can exacerbate respiratory symptoms, it is not the most common risk factor for emphysema. Emphysema primarily arises due to long-term exposure to irritants, such as tobacco smoke.
B. Smoking tobacco: Smoking is the most significant risk factor for emphysema. It leads to chronic inflammation in the lungs and damages the alveolar walls, resulting in the development of emphysema over time.
C. Pollution: While pollution can contribute to lung damage and respiratory issues, smoking tobacco is by far the most prevalent and direct cause of emphysema.
D. Between 20 to 30 years of age: Emphysema typically develops over many years of exposure to harmful substances like cigarette smoke. Age alone, particularly between 20 to 30 years, is not a primary risk factor for emphysema.

A. Blood vessels constrict. B. Blood pressure increases. C. White blood cells are destroyed. D. Blood vessels become more permeable.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Blood vessels constrict: In anaphylaxis, blood vessels typically dilate rather than constrict. Vasodilation, especially in peripheral vessels, contributes to a rapid drop in blood pressure and impaired tissue perfusion.
B. Blood pressure increases: Anaphylaxis causes systemic vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, leading to significant hypotension. Blood pressure decreases, not increases, during an anaphylactic reaction.
C. White blood cells are destroyed: White blood cells are not destroyed during anaphylaxis. Instead, mast cells and basophils are activated and release histamine and other inflammatory mediators, triggering the allergic response.
D. Blood vessels become more permeable: Histamine release during anaphylaxis increases capillary permeability, allowing fluid to leak into tissues. This leads to swelling (e.g., angioedema), hypotension, and in severe cases, circulatory collapse.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has hypoxemic respiratory failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is the most common risk factor for emphysema?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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