A nurse is educating a client who has a central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Malignant brain tumors often originate from another part of the body.

Primary CNS tumors commonly spread to other parts of the body.

Most CNS tumors are spinal tumors.

Ependymomas are primarily brain tumors.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Malignant brain tumors often originate from another part of the body: While malignant brain tumors can spread from other body parts (metastatic tumors), primary brain tumors, such as gliomas or meningiomas, originate in the brain itself. Malignant brain tumors that metastasize to the brain are relatively less common.
B. Primary CNS tumors commonly spread to other parts of the body: Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors generally do not spread to other parts of the body. Most CNS tumors are localized, and their spread is usually restricted to the surrounding neural tissue, not to distant organs.
C. Most CNS tumors are spinal tumors: Most central nervous system (CNS) tumors are actually brain tumors, not spinal tumors. Brain tumors are more common in adults, while spinal tumors are rarer in comparison.
D. Ependymomas are primarily brain tumors: Ependymomas are a type of tumor that originates from the ependymal cells in the central nervous system. While they can occur in both the brain and spinal cord, they are more frequently found in the brain, especially in the ventricles. Thus, ependymomas are primarily considered brain tumors.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hypermagnesemia: Hypermagnesemia is usually associated with lethargy, hypotension, and bradycardia, not neuromuscular excitability. It would not cause a positive Trousseau’s sign or bone pain, which are signs more consistent with low calcium levels.
B. Hypocalcemia: A positive Trousseau's sign indicates neuromuscular irritability due to hypocalcemia. Bone pain is also common in calcium deficiency because calcium is essential for bone integrity and strength, making this the most accurate choice.
C. Hyponatremia: Hyponatremia typically leads to neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and altered mental status. It does not cause a positive Trousseau’s sign or bone discomfort, making it an unlikely electrolyte imbalance in this scenario.
D. Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia presents with muscle weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias, and paresthesia, but not with Trousseau’s sign. It primarily affects the electrical activity of muscles and the heart, not calcium-related neuromuscular signs.

A. Acetone breath B. Fever C. 68 years of age D. Serum glucose 800 mg/dl (74 to 105 mg/dL) E. Serum bicarbonate 15 mEq/L (21 to 28 mEq/L) Insidious onset

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Acetone breath: Acetone (fruity-smelling) breath is a hallmark of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), not HHS. It results from ketone production due to fat breakdown, which is typically absent in HHS.
B. Fever: Fever may indicate underlying infection, which is a common trigger for HHS in older adults. Infections raise stress hormone levels, worsening insulin resistance and contributing to severe hyperglycemia.
C. 68 years of age: HHS most commonly affects older adults, typically those with type 2 diabetes. Advanced age is a significant risk factor due to impaired thirst mechanisms and decreased kidney function.
D. Serum glucose 800 mg/dL (74 to 105 mg/dL): HHS is characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels, often exceeding 600 mg/dL. A level of 800 mg/dL is consistent with the severe hyperglycemia seen in HHS.
E. Serum bicarbonate 15 mEq/L (21 to 28 mEq/L) Insidious onset: While bicarbonate levels in HHS may be mildly decreased, they are usually higher than in DKA. An insidious (gradual) onset with progressive symptoms over days is typical of HHS and differentiates it from the rapid onset of DKA.

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A nurse is educating a client who has a central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has a positive Trousseau's sign and bone pain. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse suspect to find with this client?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is providing care for an older adult client who has hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Which of the following manifestations supports the clinical presentation of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

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