A nurse is educating a client who has a central nervous system (CNS) tumor. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Malignant brain tumors often originate from another part of the body.
Primary CNS tumors commonly spread to other parts of the body.
Most CNS tumors are spinal tumors.
Ependymomas are primarily brain tumors.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Malignant brain tumors often originate from another part of the body: While malignant brain tumors can spread from other body parts (metastatic tumors), primary brain tumors, such as gliomas or meningiomas, originate in the brain itself. Malignant brain tumors that metastasize to the brain are relatively less common.
B. Primary CNS tumors commonly spread to other parts of the body: Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors generally do not spread to other parts of the body. Most CNS tumors are localized, and their spread is usually restricted to the surrounding neural tissue, not to distant organs.
C. Most CNS tumors are spinal tumors: Most central nervous system (CNS) tumors are actually brain tumors, not spinal tumors. Brain tumors are more common in adults, while spinal tumors are rarer in comparison.
D. Ependymomas are primarily brain tumors: Ependymomas are a type of tumor that originates from the ependymal cells in the central nervous system. While they can occur in both the brain and spinal cord, they are more frequently found in the brain, especially in the ventricles. Thus, ependymomas are primarily considered brain tumors.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 24 mg/dL: This BUN level is slightly elevated but not critical. It may indicate mild dehydration or increased protein breakdown, but it does not require immediate intervention in the context of SIADH.
B. Serum calcium 8.0 mg/dL: This value is at the lower end of normal. While low calcium levels may cause symptoms like muscle cramps or tingling, they are not the most urgent concern in a client with SIADH.
C. Serum potassium 5.0 mEq/L: This value is at the high end of normal. While potassium levels should be monitored, especially in critically ill clients, this level does not require emergency treatment.
D. Serum sodium 125 mEq/L: This sodium level is significantly low and requires immediate intervention. In SIADH, water retention leads to dilutional hyponatremia. A sodium level this low can cause neurologic symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or coma, making it a priority for urgent management.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. U waves on electrocardiogram: Hypokalemia affects cardiac conduction and is typically reflected on an ECG by the presence of prominent U waves. These appear after the T wave and are considered a classic finding in hypokalemia.
B. Hyperventilation: Hyperventilation is more commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis or anxiety, not directly with hypokalemia. In fact, hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness that might lead to hypoventilation rather than hyperventilation.
C. Syncope: Although severe electrolyte imbalances can contribute to syncope, it is not a specific or reliable early indicator of hypokalemia. Cardiac arrhythmias are more directly associated with low potassium.
D. Bradypnea: Bradypnea is not a common manifestation of hypokalemia. Respiratory muscle weakness from severe hypokalemia may cause shallow breathing, but not specifically a slow respiratory rate.
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