A nurse is assessing a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse anticipate?
(Select All that Apply.)

Paresthesia

Nausea and vomiting

Dysphagia

Spasticity

Vertigo

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

Choice A Reason:

Paresthesia is appropriate. Paresthesia, or abnormal sensations such as tingling, numbness, or burning, is a common neurological symptom in individuals with multiple sclerosis. It results from damage to the nerves or disruption of nerve signals in the central nervous system.

Choice B Reason:

Nausea and vomiting is inappropriate. While nausea and vomiting can occur in individuals with multiple sclerosis, they are not considered hallmark symptoms of the disease. These symptoms may be associated with other factors such as medications, autonomic dysfunction, or complications such as urinary tract infections.

Choice C Reason:

Dysphagia is appropriate. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common symptom in individuals with multiple sclerosis, particularly as the disease progresses. It can result from damage to the nerves that control swallowing muscles or from impaired coordination of swallowing reflexes.

Choice D Reason:

Spasticity is appropriate. Spasticity, or muscle stiffness and involuntary muscle contractions, is a common symptom in individuals with multiple sclerosis. It occurs due to damage to the nerve fibers that control muscle movement and can lead to difficulty with movement, walking, and muscle control.

Choice E Reason:

Vertigo is appropriate. Vertigo, or the sensation of spinning or dizziness, can occur in individuals with multiple sclerosis, particularly if lesions develop in areas of the brain involved in balance and coordination.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Pregabalin is incorrect. Pregabalin is a medication used to treat neuropathic pain, seizures, and generalized anxiety disorder. It is not associated with an increased risk of PML.

Choice B Reason:

Natalizumab is correct.: Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat relapsing forms of MS. It is associated with an increased risk of developing PML, particularly in individuals who are JC virus antibody positive. Regular monitoring of JC virus antibody status and clinical vigilance is required when using natalizumab to reduce the risk of PML.

Choice C Reason:

Furosemide: Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat edema and hypertension. It is not associated with an increased risk of PML.

Choice D Reason:

Metoprolol is incorrect .Metoprolol is a beta-blocker used to treat hypertension, angina, and heart failure. It is not associated with an increased risk of PML.

A. Bronchopneumonia B. Severe pneumonia C. Empyema D. Lobar pneumonia

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Bronchopneumonia is incorrect. Bronchopneumonia is characterized by patchy areas of consolidation involving multiple lobules scattered throughout the lungs. It typically results from bronchial obstruction and aspiration of infected material into the smaller airways and alveoli.

Choice B Reason:

Severe pneumonia is incorrect. "Severe pneumonia" is a broad term that can refer to pneumonia with various degrees of severity. It does not specifically describe the pattern of consolidation involving the entire lobe of the lung.

Choice C Reason:

Empyema is incorrect. Empyema refers to the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity, often as a complication of pneumonia. It does not describe the pattern of consolidation within the lung tissue.

Choice D Reason:

Lobar pneumonia is correct. Lobar pneumonia is characterized by consolidation involving an entire lobe or lobes of the lung. It typically results from infection by a single pathogen, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, which leads to inflammation and consolidation of an entire lobe of the lung.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse anticipate? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has multiple sclerosis and is experiencing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Which of the following medications should the nurse recognize is associated with the development of PML?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

In which of the following types of pneumonia does consolidation involve the entire lobe of the lung?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following is the most common risk factor for emphysema?

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A nurse is assessing a client who has multiple sclerosis. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse anticipate?
(Select All that Apply.)