A nurse is caring for a client who has headaches. In determining a diagnosis, which of the following precipitating factors is common in both tension-type headaches and cluster headaches?

Depression

Smoking

Poor posture

Stress

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A Reason:

Depression is incorrect. While depression can contribute to headaches in some individuals, it is more commonly associated with migraine headaches rather than tension-type headaches or cluster headaches. People with depression may experience changes in neurotransmitter levels and alterations in pain perception, which can exacerbate migraines. However, tension-type headaches and cluster headaches are generally less strongly associated with depression as a precipitating factor compared to migraines.

Choice B Reason:

Smoking is incorrect. Smoking can be a trigger for headaches in some individuals, particularly migraines, due to the vasoconstrictive effects of nicotine and other compounds in tobacco smoke. However, smoking is not universally recognized as a common precipitating factor for tension-type headaches or cluster headaches. While individuals with cluster headaches may have higher rates of smoking compared to the general population, it is not a factor commonly shared with tension-type headaches.

Choice C Reason:

Poor posture is incorrect. Poor posture can contribute to muscle tension and cervical spine strain, which may trigger tension-type headaches. However, poor posture is not typically considered a precipitating factor specific to cluster headaches. While tension-type headaches may be exacerbated by poor posture, cluster headaches are characterized by severe, unilateral pain typically centered around the eye or temple, with associated autonomic symptoms such as tearing, nasal congestion, or ptosis.

Choice D Reason:

Stress is correct. Stress is a well-established precipitating factor for both tension-type headaches and cluster headaches. Stress can lead to muscle tension and contraction, which are common triggers for tension-type headaches. Additionally, stress can also contribute to the onset or worsening of cluster headaches, although the exact mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. Therefore, stress is a common precipitating factor for both tension-type headaches and cluster headaches.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Bladder spasms are not commonly reported as adverse effects of methylprednisolone. However, bladder dysfunction can occur in individuals with multiple sclerosis due to the disease process itself, but it is not specifically related to corticosteroid therapy.

Choice B Reason:

Hypotension is not a common adverse effect of methylprednisolone. In fact, corticosteroids can often lead to fluid retention and sodium retention, which can contribute to hypertension rather than hypotension.

Choice C Reason:

Delayed wound healing is correct. Corticosteroids can impair the body's ability to heal wounds by suppressing the inflammatory response and collagen synthesis. Therefore, clients receiving methylprednisolone may experience delayed wound healing, which can be problematic, especially in individuals with pre-existing wounds or undergoing surgical procedures.

Choice D Reason:

Hirsutism (excessive hair growth, especially in women) can occur with long-term corticosteroid use due to the effect of steroids on hair follicles. It is a possible adverse effect of methylprednisolone.

Choice E Reason:

Hyperglycemia is correct. Corticosteroids can increase blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis, reducing glucose uptake by tissues, and inducing insulin resistance. Clients receiving methylprednisolone may develop hyperglycemia, which can be particularly concerning for individuals with diabetes or those at risk of developing diabetes.

A. "Have you had any nausea and vomiting with your headache?" B. "Are you bothered by the lights in here?" C. "Have you noticed any confused or cloudy thinking?" D. "Have you experienced or are you experiencing any strange smells?" E. "Did you feel weak before the headache started or do you feel weak now?"

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

"Have you had any nausea and vomiting with your headache?": This question is appropriate. Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms associated with migraines. Asking about these symptoms can help confirm the diagnosis of a migraine headache.

Choice B Reason:

"Are you bothered by the lights in here?" This question is appropriate. Sensitivity to light, known as photophobia, is a classic symptom of migraines. Inquiring about light sensitivity can provide additional evidence for the diagnosis.

Choice C Reason:

"Have you noticed any confused or cloudy thinking?". This question is inappropriate. Confusion or cognitive symptoms are not typical of migraines. However, some individuals may experience difficulty concentrating or cognitive symptoms during a migraine aura. This question may help assess for aura symptoms.

Choice D Reason
Have you experienced or are you experiencing any strange smells?" This question is appropriate. Some individuals may experience olfactory hallucinations or sensitivity to odors during a migraine aura. Asking about strange smells can help identify possible aura symptoms.

Choice E Reason:

"Did you feel weak before the headache started or do you feel weak now?" This question is inappropriate. While weakness is not a typical symptom of migraines, some individuals may experience fatigue or muscle weakness during a migraine attack. This question may help assess the overall impact of the headache on the client.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has headaches. In determining a diagnosis, which of the following precipitating factors is common in both tension-type headaches and cluster headaches?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is planning care for a client who has multiple sclerosis and is receiving methylprednisolone. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

A client who has a history of migraines reports to a clinic with a throbbing headache. Which of the following questions should the nurse include in the assessment? (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

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