A nurse is assessing a client who is 24 hours postoperative following an open reduction and internal fixation to repair a fracture of the femur. Which of the following assessment findings is an early manifestation of fat embolism syndrome (FES)?

Headache

Dyspnea

Red-brown petechiae

Altered mental status

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Headache can be associated with FES; however, it is not typically considered an early sign. It may occur as a part of the broader spectrum of symptoms.

Choice B reason: Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is one of the earliest signs of FES. Patients may experience shortness of breath due to fat globules obstructing pulmonary vessels.

Choice C reason: Red-brown petechiae, which are small, pinpoint hemorrhages, can appear on the skin and are a classic sign of FES, often found in the axillary region or on the chest.

Choice D reason: Altered mental status, including confusion and drowsiness, can occur early in FES due to fat emboli traveling to the cerebral circulation.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: The blood should not be infusing for 5 hours as transfusions of packed RBCs should be completed within 2 to 4 hours to minimize the risk of bacterial growth and transfusion reactions.

Choice B reason: Medications should not be administered through the same IV line as blood products due to the risk of reactions and interactions.

Choice C reason: The packed RBCs are indeed connected by Tubing to normal saline, which is used to keep the line open and prevent clotting.

Choice D reason: The drip chamber should not be filled completely with blood as it is necessary to monitor the drip rate and to ensure that air does not enter the line.

A. "I should not drive in the winter months." B. "I am going to take a stress management class." C. "I plan to use nicotine gum to help me quit smoking." D. "I will limit myself to only two cups of coffee in the morning."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Avoiding driving in winter is not necessary unless it is a personal trigger for Raynaud's attacks. It's more important to keep warm and manage stress.

Choice B reason: Stress management classes can teach techniques to control stress, which is beneficial for clients with Raynaud's disease as stress can trigger episodes.

Choice C reason: Using nicotine gum to quit smoking is a positive step for overall health, but it is not directly related to the management of Raynaud's disease.

Choice D reason: Limiting coffee intake may help some individuals with Raynaud's disease, as caffeine can constrict blood vessels, but it is not a universal recommendation.

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A nurse is assessing a client who is 24 hours postoperative following an open reduction and internal fixation to repair a fracture of the femur. Which of the following assessment findings is an early manifestation of fat embolism syndrome (FES)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving packed RBCs. The nurse identifies which of the following as an expected finding?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a client who has Raynaud's disease. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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