A nurse is assessing a client who reports a nevus that has increased in size and an irregularly shaped lesion that varies in color. These findings are consistent with which of the following medical diagnoses?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Malignant melanoma

Kaposi's sarcoma

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:
Squamous cell carcinoma typically presents as a rough, scaly, red patch, open sore, or raised growth with a central depression, often on sun-exposed areas of the body. While it can appear as a lesion that varies in color, it is not commonly associated with a nevus that has increased in size.

Choice B reason:
Malignant melanoma is associated with changes in preexisting nevi, such as an increase in size and variations in color. It often appears as a mole that changes in color, size, or feel and may have irregular edges. The description of the lesion provided by the client is characteristic of malignant melanoma, making this the correct diagnosis.

Choice C reason:
Kaposi's sarcoma is a cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels and typically appears as patches of abnormal tissue on the skin or mucous membranes. These lesions are usually red or purple and look similar to bruises¹. They are not typically described as nevi that increase in size or lesions that vary in color.

Choice D reason:
Basal cell carcinoma often appears as a slightly transparent bump on the skin, though it can take other forms. It usually presents as a pearly white or pink bump on white skin, or a brown or black bump on darker skin, and is most often found on sun-exposed areas. It is not typically associated with a nevus that has increased in size or an irregularly shaped lesion that varies in color.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is: d. Hypoglycemia

Choice A reason:

Hyperglycemia: This statement is wrong because hyperglycemia typically presents with symptoms like increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue, not sweating and anxiety.

Choice B reason:

Nephropathy: This statement is wrong because nephropathy, a kidney complication, does not cause acute symptoms like sweating and anxiety. It usually presents with proteinuria and progressive kidney dysfunction.

Choice C reason:

Ketoacidosis: This statement is wrong because diabetic ketoacidosis usually presents with symptoms like fruity breath, nausea, vomiting, and deep, rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations), not sweating and anxiety.

Choice D reason:

Hypoglycemia: This statement is correct because hypoglycemia is characterized by symptoms such as sweating, anxiety, palpitations, and confusion due to the release of adrenaline in response to low blood glucose levels.

A. "You will be at increased risk of breast cancer." B. "The manifestations often get worse after menopause." C. "Menopause won't have any effect on the manifestations." D. "The manifestations usually go away after menopause."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Telling a client that they will be at an increased risk of breast cancer due to fibrocystic breast changes would be incorrect. Fibrocystic breast changes are not directly linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. While the presence of complex fibrocystic changes may slightly elevate the risk, fibrocystic breasts themselves are a common and benign condition.

Choice B reason:
It is not accurate to say that the manifestations of fibrocystic breasts often get worse after menopause. In fact, fibrocystic changes are related to hormone levels, and most women experience relief from these symptoms after menopause when hormone levels decline.

Choice C reason:
Stating that menopause won't have any effect on the manifestations is also incorrect. Menopause typically leads to a decrease in hormone levels, which are associated with fibrocystic breast changes. Therefore, most women see an improvement in their symptoms after menopause.

Choice D reason:
The most appropriate response is that the manifestations usually go away after menopause. Fibrocystic breast changes are linked to hormonal fluctuations, and after menopause, when these fluctuations cease, the symptoms of fibrocystic breasts typically resolve.

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A nurse is assessing a client who reports a nevus that has increased in size and an irregularly shaped lesion that varies in color. These findings are consistent with which of the following medical diagnoses?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and finds the client lying in bed, sweating, and reporting feeling anxious. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has fibrocystic breasts. The client asks the nurse, "What will happen to my fibrocystic breast changes after menopause?" Which of the following statements is an appropriate response by the nurse?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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