A nurse is assessing a client's immune function by reviewing the laboratory value of the cellular response of the T-cells. The nurse should recognize that which of the following conditions is affected by the T-cells?

Hay fever allergy

Anaphylaxis

Transplant rejection

Bacterial phagocytosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason:
Hay fever allergy, also known as allergic rhinitis, is primarily associated with the action of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and not directly with T-cells. T-cells can contribute to the regulation of the immune response in allergies, but IgE is the main immunoglobulin involved in the typical symptoms of hay fever.

Choice B reason:
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that involves the release of large amounts of histamine and other chemicals from mast cells and basophils, often triggered by IgE antibodies. While T-cells can play a role in the sensitization phase of allergy, anaphylaxis itself is not directly caused by T-cells.

Choice C reason:
Transplant rejection is a process in which T-cells play a central role. When a transplant recipient's immune system recognizes the donated organ as foreign, T-cells can mediate the rejection by attacking the transplanted tissue, leading to its failure.

Choice D reason:
Bacterial phagocytosis is primarily the function of phagocytes like neutrophils and macrophages. T-cells are involved in the adaptive immune response and can activate phagocytes, but they do not directly perform phagocytosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:
This statement is misleading. While many herbal therapies are generally considered safe, they can have side effects and interact with other medications. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new herbal therapy.

Choice B reason:
This statement is accurate. Many herbal products have not been subjected to rigorous long-term testing that is required for conventional medications. Therefore, their long-term safety and efficacy profiles are not always well-established.

Choice C reason:
This statement is incorrect. Some herbal therapies have been found to be beneficial in reducing menopausal discomfort, such as hot flashes and night sweats. However, their effectiveness can vary from person to person.

Choice D reason:
This statement is not advisable without further assessment. While some herbal therapies may help with menopausal symptoms, it is important for the client to discuss with a healthcare provider to consider personal health history, potential side effects, and interactions with other medications.

A. pH 7.50, HCO₃⁻ 20 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 32 mm Hg B. pH 7.25, HCO₃⁻ 19 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 30 mm Hg C. pH 7.30, HCO₃⁻ 26 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 50 mm Hg D. pH 7.55, HCO₃⁻ 30 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 31 mm Hg

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:
This choice suggests a pH of 7.50, which is indicative of alkalosis, and not typically expected in a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD often leads to metabolic acidosis due to the accumulation of acids in the body as the kidneys fail to excrete them. The HCO₃⁻ level of 20 mEq/L is slightly lower than the normal range (22-26 mEq/L), and the PaCO₂ of 32 mm Hg is within the normal range (35-45 mm Hg), but these values do not align with the expected acidosis associated with CKD.

Choice B reason:
This set of values is consistent with metabolic acidosis, which is commonly seen in clients with CKD. A pH of 7.25 indicates acidemia, and an HCO₃⁻ level of 19 mEq/L is below the normal range, suggesting a primary metabolic acidosis. The PaCO₂ of 30 mm Hg is at the lower end of the normal range, which may indicate a compensatory respiratory response to the metabolic acidosis.

Choice C reason:
A pH of 7.30, while on the lower side, is not as acidic as one would expect in a client with CKD. The HCO₃⁻ level of 26 mEq/L is within the normal range, and a PaCO₂ of 50 mm Hg suggests respiratory acidosis, which is not the primary disorder in CKD.

Choice D reason:
This choice indicates a pH of 7.55, which is too alkaline and not characteristic of CKD, where metabolic acidosis is the expected finding. An HCO₃⁻ level of 30 mEq/L is higher than the normal range, suggesting metabolic alkalosis. The PaCO₂ of 31 mm Hg is slightly below the normal range, possibly indicating a compensatory response, but it does not align with the metabolic acidosis typically seen in CKD.

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A nurse is assessing a client's immune function by reviewing the laboratory value of the cellular response of the T-cells. The nurse should recognize that which of the following conditions is affected by the T-cells?

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