A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply.)

The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.

The preschooler talks to himself when reading.

The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.

The preschooler stutters when speaking.

The preschooler mispronounces words.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E

Answer: C, D, E

A. The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.
Speaking in three-word sentences is generally considered developmentally appropriate for a preschooler. By age 3 to 4, children typically use sentences that are more complex, but this is still within a normal range for early language development.

B. The preschooler talks to himself when reading.
Talking to oneself, especially during activities like reading, can be a normal behavior for preschoolers. This self-talk can actually be a part of cognitive development, helping them to process information and reinforce learning, and does not necessarily indicate a need for speech therapy.

C. The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.
A nasally tone may suggest a speech issue such as a cleft palate or other resonance problems. If the child consistently exhibits this speech pattern, it could indicate a need for further evaluation by a speech therapist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate interventions.

D. The preschooler stutters when speaking.
Stuttering can be a significant speech concern that may require intervention. While some children experience normal disfluencies as they learn to speak, persistent stuttering that interferes with communication is a valid reason to refer the child for speech therapy.

E. The preschooler mispronounces words.
While mispronunciation can occur during language development, consistent or unusual mispronunciations beyond what is typical for the child’s age may indicate a speech sound disorder. If the mispronunciations affect the child's ability to communicate effectively, a referral to a speech therapist would be warranted for assessment and intervention.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Constant need to talk about the event. While individuals with PTSD may experience intrusive thoughts or flashbacks related to the traumatic event, a constant need to talk about the event is not universally characteristic. Some individuals with PTSD may avoid discussing the traumatic event altogether due to the distress it causes them, while others may find it helpful to talk about it in therapy or support groups.

B. Increasing feelings of anger. This is the correct choice. Feelings of anger and irritability are common symptoms of PTSD. Individuals may experience heightened levels of anger as a result of feeling violated, powerless, or betrayed by the traumatic event. Anger may be directed toward the perpetrator, oneself, or others, and it can contribute to difficulties in interpersonal relationships and daily functioning.

C. Sleeping 12 hr or more each day. While sleep disturbances are common in PTSD, they typically manifest as insomnia, nightmares, or restless sleep rather than excessive sleep. Individuals with PTSD may struggle to fall asleep, experience frequent awakenings during the night, or have nightmares related to the traumatic event. Excessive sleeping is not typically associated with PTSD.

D. Increasing sense of attachment to others. Individuals with PTSD may experience difficulties in forming or maintaining relationships due to symptoms such as emotional numbing, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, and difficulties in trusting others. While some individuals may seek support from loved ones, an increasing sense of attachment to others is not typically an expected finding in PTSD.

A. Monitor the client closely to prevent self-mutilation B. Give positive feedback when client is assertive with staff or clients. C. Set limits to prevent exploitation of other clients. D. Discourage flamboyant or seductive behaviors.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Monitor the client closely to prevent self-mutilation: This action is not typically associated with dependent personality disorder. Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behaviors, rather than self-mutilation.

B. Give positive feedback when the client is assertive with staff or clients: While it is important to encourage and reinforce assertive behaviors, giving positive feedback alone may not be sufficient to address the underlying issues associated with dependent personality disorder. It's essential to provide comprehensive care that addresses the client's dependency needs and promotes healthy assertiveness.

C. Set limits to prevent exploitation of other clients: Clients with dependent personality disorder may exhibit behaviors that involve relying excessively on others and seeking caretaking from them. Setting limits helps prevent these clients from exploiting or overly burdening others with their needs, promoting boundaries and accountability within the therapeutic environment.

D. Discourage flamboyant or seductive behaviors: Flamboyant or seductive behaviors are not typical characteristics of dependent personality disorder. These behaviors are more commonly associated with other personality disorders, such as histrionic or borderline personality disorder. In dependent personality disorder, the focus is more on an excessive need for support and reassurance rather than attention-seeking behaviors.

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A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply.)

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