A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply.)

The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.

The preschooler talks to himself when reading.

The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.

The preschooler stutters when speaking.

The preschooler mispronounces words.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E

Answer: C, D, E

A. The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.
Speaking in three-word sentences is generally considered developmentally appropriate for a preschooler. By age 3 to 4, children typically use sentences that are more complex, but this is still within a normal range for early language development.

B. The preschooler talks to himself when reading.
Talking to oneself, especially during activities like reading, can be a normal behavior for preschoolers. This self-talk can actually be a part of cognitive development, helping them to process information and reinforce learning, and does not necessarily indicate a need for speech therapy.

C. The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.
A nasally tone may suggest a speech issue such as a cleft palate or other resonance problems. If the child consistently exhibits this speech pattern, it could indicate a need for further evaluation by a speech therapist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate interventions.

D. The preschooler stutters when speaking.
Stuttering can be a significant speech concern that may require intervention. While some children experience normal disfluencies as they learn to speak, persistent stuttering that interferes with communication is a valid reason to refer the child for speech therapy.

E. The preschooler mispronounces words.
While mispronunciation can occur during language development, consistent or unusual mispronunciations beyond what is typical for the child’s age may indicate a speech sound disorder. If the mispronunciations affect the child's ability to communicate effectively, a referral to a speech therapist would be warranted for assessment and intervention.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Half-strength infant formula: Infant formula, even if diluted, may not be appropriate immediately after a repair of intussusception. It may be too heavy for the infant's digestive system, potentially leading to complications. Clear fluids are usually preferred initially.

B. Sterile water: Sterile water is not typically recommended for oral intake in infants after a repair of intussusception. It lacks essential electrolytes needed to maintain proper hydration and electrolyte balance.

C. Oral electrolyte solution: Oral electrolyte solutions, such as Pedialyte, are often recommended for infants after a repair of intussusception. These solutions contain balanced electrolytes and fluids, which help prevent dehydration and restore electrolyte balance.

D. Half-strength orange juice: Orange juice, even if diluted, is not typically recommended immediately after a repair of intussusception. It may be too acidic and may cause gastrointestinal discomfort or irritation in the infant. Clear fluids are preferred initially to allow the gastrointestinal tract to rest and recover.

A. Bizarre behavior B. Somatic delusions C. Affective flattening D. Illogicality

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Bizarre behavior: Bizarre behavior is typically considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia rather than a negative symptom. Positive symptoms involve the presence of abnormal behaviors or experiences that are not typically seen in healthy individuals. Bizarre behavior can include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.

B. Somatic delusions: Somatic delusions, where the individual believes they have a medical condition or physical defect that is not present, are also considered positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms involve distortions or exaggerations of normal functions.

C. Affective flattening: This is the correct choice. Affective flattening, also known as blunted affect, refers to a reduction in the intensity, range, and expression of emotional responses. Individuals with schizophrenia who exhibit affective flattening may have a limited range of facial expressions, reduced vocal inflections, and a diminished ability to express emotions appropriately. Affective flattening is considered a negative symptom because it reflects a decrease or absence of normal emotional functioning.

D. Illogicality: Illogicality, or disorganized thinking, is another positive symptom of schizophrenia. It involves difficulties in organizing thoughts and expressing them coherently. Individuals with schizophrenia may exhibit illogical speech patterns, such as tangentiality (going off on tangents), loose associations (jumping from one unrelated topic to another), or thought blocking (sudden interruption of thoughts).

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A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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