A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply.)

The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.

The preschooler talks to himself when reading.

The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.

The preschooler stutters when speaking.

The preschooler mispronounces words.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E

Answer: C, D, E

A. The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.
Speaking in three-word sentences is generally considered developmentally appropriate for a preschooler. By age 3 to 4, children typically use sentences that are more complex, but this is still within a normal range for early language development.

B. The preschooler talks to himself when reading.
Talking to oneself, especially during activities like reading, can be a normal behavior for preschoolers. This self-talk can actually be a part of cognitive development, helping them to process information and reinforce learning, and does not necessarily indicate a need for speech therapy.

C. The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.
A nasally tone may suggest a speech issue such as a cleft palate or other resonance problems. If the child consistently exhibits this speech pattern, it could indicate a need for further evaluation by a speech therapist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate interventions.

D. The preschooler stutters when speaking.
Stuttering can be a significant speech concern that may require intervention. While some children experience normal disfluencies as they learn to speak, persistent stuttering that interferes with communication is a valid reason to refer the child for speech therapy.

E. The preschooler mispronounces words.
While mispronunciation can occur during language development, consistent or unusual mispronunciations beyond what is typical for the child’s age may indicate a speech sound disorder. If the mispronunciations affect the child's ability to communicate effectively, a referral to a speech therapist would be warranted for assessment and intervention.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Expressive affect: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulty expressing their emotions in a typical manner. They may display a restricted range of facial expressions or have difficulty conveying emotions through facial expressions and gestures. However, "expressive affect" typically refers to the appropriate display of emotions, which may not be characteristic of ASD.

B. Ambivalence: Ambivalence refers to conflicting feelings or attitudes about a situation or person. While individuals with ASD may experience a range of emotions, including ambivalence, it is not a specific characteristic associated with the disorder. Ambivalence is a common human experience and may occur in individuals with or without ASD.

C. Echolalia: Echolalia is a common communication characteristic observed in individuals with ASD. It involves the repetition or echoing of words or phrases spoken by others. This behavior may occur immediately after hearing the words or phrases (immediate echolalia) or may be delayed. Echolalia can serve various functions, including communication, self-regulation, or expression of anxiety.

D. Associative looseness: Associative looseness is a thought disorder characterized by a lack of logical connection between thoughts and ideas. It is typically associated with conditions such as schizophrenia rather than ASD. Individuals with ASD may exhibit difficulties with social communication, including challenges in maintaining conversations or understanding social cues, but this is different from the disorganized thinking observed in associative looseness.

A. Provide a small electronic toy B. Change the infant's diaper as soon as soiling occurs. C. Allow the infant to stand in the crib D. The colorful latex balloons to the side of the crib

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Provide a small electronic toy.

Providing a small electronic toy can engage the infant's senses and promote cognitive development. Interactive toys can stimulate the infant's curiosity, encourage exploration, and provide sensory stimulation, which are important aspects of infant development. However, the selection of toys should consider safety and age appropriateness, ensuring they do not pose a choking hazard or contain small parts that the infant could ingest.

B. Change the infant's diaper as soon as soiling occurs.

Changing the infant's diaper promptly when soiling occurs is essential for maintaining hygiene and preventing skin irritation or infection. However, while diaper changes are necessary for the infant's comfort and well-being, they primarily address basic needs rather than directly promoting growth and development related to the hip dysplasia.

C. Allow the infant to stand in the crib.

Allowing the infant to stand in the crib may not be suitable, especially if the infant is in a cast for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The cast is typically intended to maintain the hip joint in a specific position to promote proper alignment and development. Allowing the infant to stand in the crib could compromise the effectiveness of the treatment and potentially exacerbate the hip dysplasia. Therefore, this option is not appropriate.

D. Tie colorful latex balloons to the side of the crib.

Tying colorful latex balloons to the side of the crib is not recommended due to safety concerns. Latex balloons pose a choking hazard if they deflate or rupture, and the infant could accidentally ingest the latex material, leading to airway obstruction or other complications. Safety is paramount in infant care, and any potential hazards should be avoided.

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A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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