A nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a toddler. Which of the following should the nurse recognize that this stage is characterized by?
Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt
Demonstrations of sexual curiosity
Imaginary playmates
Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy
The Correct Answer is D
A. Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt: This stage typically occurs during the preschool years (ages 3 to 6), when children begin initiating activities and asserting control through social interactions and play.
B. Demonstrations of sexual curiosity: Although some curiosity may occur, pronounced sexual curiosity is more typical during the preschool years, not the toddler stage, and it is not a hallmark of toddler psychosocial development.
C. Imaginary playmates: Imaginary friends commonly appear in preschool-aged children (around 3 to 6 years of age) and are part of normal imaginative development, not characteristic of toddlers.
D. Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy: Toddlers are in Erikson’s stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt. They frequently exhibit negativism (e.g., saying "no") as a means of asserting independence and developing a sense of autonomy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Family conflict: Ongoing family conflict can contribute to emotional distress and increase suicide risk, but it is not the most immediate or direct indicator. It often interacts with other factors, such as mental health status, to influence risk.
B. Availability of firearms: Access to firearms significantly raises the lethality of suicide attempts and is an important environmental risk factor. However, without an underlying psychiatric issue or suicidal ideation, availability alone is not the strongest predictor.
C. Active psychiatric disorder: The presence of an active psychiatric disorder, such as depression, bipolar disorder, or anxiety, is the most significant risk factor for suicide. These conditions often impair judgment, increase hopelessness, and heighten impulsivity, making suicide more likely.
D. Homosexuality: Being part of a sexual minority is associated with increased risk of mental health issues and bullying, which can elevate suicide risk. However, homosexuality alone is not a risk factor unless combined with factors such as rejection, isolation, or mental illness.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "We will place my baby on her back when sleeping." Placing infants on their backs to sleep is a well-established protective measure against SIDS and aligns with safe sleep guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics. This practice helps maintain an open airway and reduces the risk of suffocation.
B. "We will remove blankets and toys from the crib." Keeping the crib free of loose bedding, pillows, and toys reduces suffocation risk and is recommended to create a safe sleep environment for infants. Soft objects in the crib can obstruct breathing and increase the chance of accidental smothering.
C. "Our baby will sleep in our bed because I am breastfeeding." Bed-sharing increases the risk of SIDS and accidental suffocation, even if the parent is breastfeeding. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends room-sharing without bed-sharing to promote safety while allowing proximity for feeding.
D. "We will give my baby a pacifier during naps and at bedtime."Pacifier use during sleep has been associated with a decreased risk of SIDS, even if the pacifier falls out after the infant falls asleep. It may help maintain airway patency or affect sleep patterns.
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