A nurse is assisting in explaining the pathophysiology of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following statements by the nurse is accurate?

"Activation of the inflammatory cascade causes increased perfusion."

The major organ prone to injury during SIRS is the heart."

Spleen dysfunction causes blood clotting issues."

"A deregulated cytokine storm causes an inflammatory response."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Activation of the inflammatory cascade in SIRS typically leads to decreased perfusion and tissue damage due to widespread inflammation and capillary leakage.

B. SIRS can affect multiple organs, but it is particularly known for impacting the lungs and kidneys rather than the heart.

C. While SIRS can involve coagulation issues, these are not specifically due to spleen dysfunction but rather to the widespread inflammatory response.

D. SIRS is driven by a deregulated cytokine storm, which leads to an excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory response, potentially resulting in multiple organ failure.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pedal edema is related to fluid retention or circulatory issues, not atelectasis.

B. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is not typically associated with atelectasis.

C. Distended neck veins are a sign of increased central venous pressure, not atelectasis.

D. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is a common sign of atelectasis, which is the collapse of part or all of a lung, leading to impaired gas exchange.

A. Albuterol B. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate C. Epinephrine D. Diphenhydramine

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Albuterol may be used to treat bronchospasm associated with anaphylaxis, but it is not the first-line treatment.

B. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate is a corticosteroid that can help reduce inflammation, but it is not the first-line treatment in acute anaphylaxis.

C. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock. It acts quickly to constrict blood vessels, increase heart rate, and open airways, counteracting the severe allergic reaction.

D. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that can help alleviate allergic symptoms but should be given after epinephrine in anaphylactic emergencies.

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A nurse is assisting in explaining the pathophysiology of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following statements by the nurse is accurate?

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