A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant in a pediatric clinic

Exhibits

For each potential finding, click to specify if the finding is common with the diagnosis. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column.

Intellectual disability

Cardiac defects

Gastrointestinal Issues

Joint laxity

Increased likelihood of seizures

Prenatal diagnosis common

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"A,B"},"E":{"answers":"B,C"},"F":{"answers":"A"}}

Down Syndrome

Prenatal diagnosis common
Intellectual disability (mild to moderate)
Joint laxity (hypotonia, loose joints)
Gastrointestinal issues (GERD, duodenal atresia, feeding difficulties)
Cardiac defects (AVSD, VSD, ASD)

Fragile X Syndrome

Intellectual disability (most common inherited cause)
Increased likelihood of seizures
Joint laxity (connective tissue abnormalities)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Intellectual disability (varies, not always present)
Increased likelihood of seizures

Rationale:

Prenatal diagnosis common: Down syndrome is often diagnosed prenatally via noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), chorionic villus sampling (CVS), or amniocentesis. Fragile X and ASD do not have standard prenatal screening tests. Fragile X is typically diagnosed after developmental delays emerge, and ASD is diagnosed based on behavioral assessments.

Intellectual disability: Most individuals with Down syndrome experience mild to moderate intellectual disability. Fragile X is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, especially in males. While ASD does not always involve intellectual disability, some individuals with severe ASD may have cognitive impairments.

Increased likelihood of seizures: While seizures can occur, they are not a hallmark of Down syndrome. Individuals with Fragile X have a higher risk of epilepsy, particularly in childhood. ASD is associated with higher seizure rates, especially in those with intellectual disability.

Joint laxity (loose joints, hypermobility): Hypotonia (low muscle tone) and joint laxity are common in Down syndrome, affecting movement and motor skills. Fragile X also causes connective tissue abnormalities, leading to joint hypermobility. ASD does not typically cause joint laxity.

Gastrointestinal issues: Individuals with Down syndrome often have GERD, feeding difficulties, and congenital GI anomalies like duodenal atresia and Hirschsprung disease. While some individuals with Fragile X Syndrome & Autism Spectrum Disorder may have GI issues, they are not primary features.

Cardiac defects: Congenital heart defects (e.g., atrioventricular septal defect, ASD, VSD) are very common in Down syndrome. Fragile X Syndrome & Autism Spectrum Disorder do not have a strong association with congenital heart disease.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Leukocytes. Leukocytes (white blood cells) are involved in the immune response and are not the primary cells affected in testicular cancer. Cancers of leukocytes include leukemia and lymphoma, not testicular cancer.

B. Germ cells. This is correct. Testicular cancer most commonly arises from germ cells, which are the cells responsible for producing sperm. Germ cell tumors (GCTs) account for over 90% of testicular cancers, including seminomas and non-seminomas.

C. Epithelial cells. Epithelial cells line various tissues and organs, but they are not the primary source of testicular cancer. Epithelial cell cancers, like carcinomas, more commonly affect the skin, lungs, and digestive tract.

D. Lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune system. Testicular lymphoma can occur but is rare compared to germ cell tumors, which are the most frequent type of testicular cancer in adolescents and young adults.

A. "Siblings may feel as if they have lost a parent, which can lead to poor mental health." B. "Most negative feelings regarding losing a child should diminish within a year." C. "Parents are less likely to rely on hospice care services if their child has terminal illness." D. "Parents who feel hopeful are less equipped to make decisions that limit end-of-life interventions."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Siblings may feel as if they have lost a parent, which can lead to poor mental health." When a child is diagnosed with a terminal illness, parents often focus most of their attention on the sick child, which can make siblings feel neglected or emotionally abandoned. This can lead to anxiety, depression, or behavioral issues, requiring additional support and reassurance.

B. "Most negative feelings regarding losing a child should diminish within a year." Grieving the loss of a child is a lifelong process, and emotions do not follow a set timeline. Many parents continue to experience profound grief for years, though their coping mechanisms may improve over time.

C. "Parents are less likely to rely on hospice care services if their child has a terminal illness." Hospice care is often recommended for children with terminal illnesses, as it provides pain management, emotional support, and quality-of-life care for both the child and family. Many parents seek hospice services to ensure their child is comfortable in their final days.

D. "Parents who feel hopeful are less equipped to make decisions that limit end-of-life interventions." Hope does not prevent parents from making informed medical decisions. Parents can hope for a miracle while still making practical choices about palliative care and limiting invasive interventions when necessary.

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A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant in a pediatric clinic Exhibits For each potential finding, click to specify if the finding is common with the diagnosis. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assisting in the care of an adolescent client who has been diagnosed with testicular cancer. The nurse understands that testicular cancer most often develops from mutations of which of the following types of cells?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly hired nurse about how family members are affected by the terminal diagnosis of a child. Which of the following statements by the new nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing education about nutrition for a patient who has HIV and has a newborn. Which of the following statements should the nurse provide in the teaching?

A school nurse is preparing to support children who have a chronic illness in a middle school setting. The nurse should be aware of which of the following challenges chronically a children may face? (Select All that Apply)

A nurse is reinforcing education with the caregiver of a school-age child regarding immunizations to prevent respiratory infections. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

A nurse is assisting with planning care for a 17-year-old client who may have anorexia nervosa (AN). Which of the following should the nurse recognize as a common reproductive health concern for this client?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to the parent of a terminally ill child about end-of-life care. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A nurse is reinforcing education for the parents of a client with hypothyroidism who has been prescribed levothyroxine (Synthroid). The nurse should reinforce the ongoing need for which of the following monitoring or screenings?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the role of the immune system to a client who has psoriasis. Which of the following explains the immune system dysfunction associated with psoriasis?

A nurse is preparing to administer a dexamethasone 1.5 mg/kg/day PO to divide equally every 6 hr to a preschool-age child who weighs 22 lb. Available is dexamethasone oral solution 1 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?

A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant in a pediatric clinic

Exhibits

For each potential finding, click to specify if the finding is common with the diagnosis. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column.