A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant in a pediatric clinic

Exhibits

For each potential finding, click to specify if the finding is common with the diagnosis. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column.

Intellectual disability

Cardiac defects

Gastrointestinal Issues

Joint laxity

Increased likelihood of seizures

Prenatal diagnosis common

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"A,B"},"E":{"answers":"B,C"},"F":{"answers":"A"}}

Down Syndrome

Prenatal diagnosis common
Intellectual disability (mild to moderate)
Joint laxity (hypotonia, loose joints)
Gastrointestinal issues (GERD, duodenal atresia, feeding difficulties)
Cardiac defects (AVSD, VSD, ASD)

Fragile X Syndrome

Intellectual disability (most common inherited cause)
Increased likelihood of seizures
Joint laxity (connective tissue abnormalities)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Intellectual disability (varies, not always present)
Increased likelihood of seizures

Rationale:

Prenatal diagnosis common: Down syndrome is often diagnosed prenatally via noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), chorionic villus sampling (CVS), or amniocentesis. Fragile X and ASD do not have standard prenatal screening tests. Fragile X is typically diagnosed after developmental delays emerge, and ASD is diagnosed based on behavioral assessments.

Intellectual disability: Most individuals with Down syndrome experience mild to moderate intellectual disability. Fragile X is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, especially in males. While ASD does not always involve intellectual disability, some individuals with severe ASD may have cognitive impairments.

Increased likelihood of seizures: While seizures can occur, they are not a hallmark of Down syndrome. Individuals with Fragile X have a higher risk of epilepsy, particularly in childhood. ASD is associated with higher seizure rates, especially in those with intellectual disability.

Joint laxity (loose joints, hypermobility): Hypotonia (low muscle tone) and joint laxity are common in Down syndrome, affecting movement and motor skills. Fragile X also causes connective tissue abnormalities, leading to joint hypermobility. ASD does not typically cause joint laxity.

Gastrointestinal issues: Individuals with Down syndrome often have GERD, feeding difficulties, and congenital GI anomalies like duodenal atresia and Hirschsprung disease. While some individuals with Fragile X Syndrome & Autism Spectrum Disorder may have GI issues, they are not primary features.

Cardiac defects: Congenital heart defects (e.g., atrioventricular septal defect, ASD, VSD) are very common in Down syndrome. Fragile X Syndrome & Autism Spectrum Disorder do not have a strong association with congenital heart disease.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The child is able to answer simple questions. By the age of 3, children develop basic language skills, allowing them to respond to simple questions. Their vocabulary expands significantly, and they begin to form short sentences, making communication more interactive.

B. The child engages in conversation. While 3-year-olds can communicate basic needs and thoughts, true conversational skills, including back-and-forth exchanges with complex sentences, typically develop later, around age 4 to 5.

C. The child knows to stay away from danger. At 3 years old, children have limited understanding of danger and often require close supervision to ensure safety. Their impulse control is still developing, making them prone to risky behaviors.

D. The child adheres to rules. While toddlers begin to understand rules, they may not consistently follow them. At this stage, they still need reminders and reinforcement, as their self-regulation skills are not yet fully developed.

Correct Answer is ["120"]

Explanation

Calculate the total drops per hour:

Formula:

Total drops/hour = Volume (mL/hr) x Drop factor (gtt/mL)

=120 mL/hr x 60 gtt/mL

= 7200 gtt/hr

Calculate the drops per minute:

Formula:

Drops per minute (gtt/min) = Total drops/hour / 60 minutes/hour

=7200 gtt/hr / 60 min/hr

= 120 gtt/min

The nurse should set the IV flow rate to deliver 120 gtt/min.

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A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant in a pediatric clinic Exhibits For each potential finding, click to specify if the finding is common with the diagnosis. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is contributing to a plan of care for a child who is 3 years of age. Which of the following developmental milestones should the nurse incorporate into the plan of care?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer lactated Ringer's solution IV to infuse at 120 mL/hr for a client who has a respiratory disorder. The drop factor on the manual IV tubing is 60 gtt/ml. The nurse should set the IV flow rate to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round to the nearest whole number.)

Correct Answer is ["120"]

Explanation

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A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant in a pediatric clinic

Exhibits

For each potential finding, click to specify if the finding is common with the diagnosis. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column.