A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant in a pediatric clinic

Exhibits

For each potential finding, click to specify if the finding is common with the diagnosis. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column.

Intellectual disability

Cardiac defects

Gastrointestinal Issues

Joint laxity

Increased likelihood of seizures

Prenatal diagnosis common

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"A,B"},"E":{"answers":"B,C"},"F":{"answers":"A"}}

Down Syndrome

Prenatal diagnosis common
Intellectual disability (mild to moderate)
Joint laxity (hypotonia, loose joints)
Gastrointestinal issues (GERD, duodenal atresia, feeding difficulties)
Cardiac defects (AVSD, VSD, ASD)

Fragile X Syndrome

Intellectual disability (most common inherited cause)
Increased likelihood of seizures
Joint laxity (connective tissue abnormalities)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Intellectual disability (varies, not always present)
Increased likelihood of seizures

Rationale:

Prenatal diagnosis common: Down syndrome is often diagnosed prenatally via noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT), chorionic villus sampling (CVS), or amniocentesis. Fragile X and ASD do not have standard prenatal screening tests. Fragile X is typically diagnosed after developmental delays emerge, and ASD is diagnosed based on behavioral assessments.

Intellectual disability: Most individuals with Down syndrome experience mild to moderate intellectual disability. Fragile X is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability, especially in males. While ASD does not always involve intellectual disability, some individuals with severe ASD may have cognitive impairments.

Increased likelihood of seizures: While seizures can occur, they are not a hallmark of Down syndrome. Individuals with Fragile X have a higher risk of epilepsy, particularly in childhood. ASD is associated with higher seizure rates, especially in those with intellectual disability.

Joint laxity (loose joints, hypermobility): Hypotonia (low muscle tone) and joint laxity are common in Down syndrome, affecting movement and motor skills. Fragile X also causes connective tissue abnormalities, leading to joint hypermobility. ASD does not typically cause joint laxity.

Gastrointestinal issues: Individuals with Down syndrome often have GERD, feeding difficulties, and congenital GI anomalies like duodenal atresia and Hirschsprung disease. While some individuals with Fragile X Syndrome & Autism Spectrum Disorder may have GI issues, they are not primary features.

Cardiac defects: Congenital heart defects (e.g., atrioventricular septal defect, ASD, VSD) are very common in Down syndrome. Fragile X Syndrome & Autism Spectrum Disorder do not have a strong association with congenital heart disease.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. An electrical source. Electrical burns often cause deep tissue damage that may not be visible on the surface. These burns can extend beyond the skin, affecting muscles, nerves, and internal organs, making them more severe than partial-thickness burns.

B. Contact with hot liquid. Scald burns from hot liquids (e.g., boiling water, coffee, soup) are a common cause of partial-thickness burns. These burns affect the epidermis and part of the dermis, leading to blistering, redness, and pain.

C. A mild sunburn. Mild sunburns typically cause superficial burns (first-degree burns), affecting only the epidermis and resulting in redness and discomfort without blisters. Partial-thickness burns involve deeper skin layers.

D. Contact with a flame. Direct contact with a flame is more likely to cause deeper burns, often resulting in full-thickness burns (third-degree) rather than partial-thickness burns.

A. “Intussusception is a congenital condition where the layers of the intestinal wall do not form properly." B. "Intussusception is a consequence of weakened abdominal muscles, allowing a portion of the intestine to bulge." C. "Intussusception results from the twisting of the intestine causing a blockage in the passage of food." D. "Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine slides into another, which can cut off blood supply.”

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "Intussusception is a congenital condition where the layers of the intestinal wall do not form properly." Intussusception is not a congenital malformation but an acquired condition where one part of the intestine telescopes into another, causing obstruction and potential ischemia.

B. "Intussusception is a consequence of weakened abdominal muscles, allowing a portion of the intestine to bulge." This description is more characteristic of a hernia rather than intussusception, which involves the invagination of the intestine rather than a protrusion.

C. "Intussusception results from the twisting of the intestines, causing a blockage in the passage of food." Twisting of the intestines describes volvulus, a separate condition that can also cause bowel obstruction but occurs through a different mechanism than intussusception.

D. "Intussusception occurs when one segment of the intestine slides into another, which can cut off blood supply." This is the correct explanation. The telescoping of the intestine can cause bowel obstruction and compromise blood flow, leading to symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and the passage of red, currant jelly-like stools.

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A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant in a pediatric clinic Exhibits For each potential finding, click to specify if the finding is common with the diagnosis. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data from a client who presents with a partial thickness burn. Which of the following does the nurse suspect as the cause of the client's condition?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing education to parents of an infant who has intussusception. Which of the following statements would the nurse provide to the parents?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is collecting data from a child who has been diagnosed with muscular dystrophy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is caring for a 13-year-old adolescent in the pediatric emergency room who has a suspected head injury. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly hired nurse about cystic fibrosis. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

A nurse is assisting with planning care for a 17-year-old client who may have anorexia nervosa (AN). Which of the following should the nurse recognize as a common reproductive health concern for this client?

A nurse is providing care to a child who has Down syndrome during a well-child checkup. Which of the following assessment findings requires immediate follow-up by the nurse?

A nurse is reinforcing education with the caregiver of a school-age child regarding immunizations to prevent respiratory infections. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

A nurse is assisting in the care of an infant in a pediatric clinic

Exhibits

For each potential finding, click to specify if the finding is common with the diagnosis. There must be at least 1 selection in every row. There does not need to be a selection in every column.