A nurse is reinforcing education with the caregiver of a school-age child regarding immunizations to prevent respiratory infections. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
"Most vaccines require only one dose."
"Children who have underlying respiratory diseases should not receive vaccines."
"Early immunization is key to the prevention of illnesses."
"The rhinovirus can be prevented with a vaccine."
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Most vaccines require only one dose." Many vaccines require multiple doses or booster shots to ensure long-term immunity. For example, the influenza vaccine is given annually, and the pneumococcal vaccine may require boosters in high-risk children.
B. "Children who have underlying respiratory diseases should not receive vaccines." Children with underlying respiratory conditions (e.g., asthma, cystic fibrosis) are often at higher risk for complications from respiratory infections. Vaccination is especially important for these children to protect them from severe illness.
C. "Early immunization is key to the prevention of illnesses." Vaccinating children at the recommended ages helps build early immunity against preventable respiratory infections like influenza, pneumococcal disease, and pertussis. Early immunization reduces disease severity and complications.
D. "The rhinovirus can be prevented with a vaccine." The rhinovirus (which causes the common cold) does not have a vaccine because it has many different strains and mutates frequently. Vaccines are available for other respiratory illnesses, such as influenza, pneumonia, and pertussis.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. “I will give you the names and contact information of a few good counselors. Talking to a professional is very helpful." While counseling can be beneficial, immediately directing the parent to therapy may feel dismissive of their immediate distress. A more supportive and solution-focused approach, such as discussing respite care, directly addresses the caregiver's burden.
B. “Taking care of anyone with complex medical needs can be very overwhelming. What has your healthcare team told you about respite care?” This response validates the parent's feelings while offering a practical solution. Respite care can provide temporary relief for caregivers, allowing them time to rest and recover, which can reduce burnout.
C. "You seem to be under a lot of stress. Have you tried reading self-help books on coping with stress?" While self-help books may provide general coping strategies, this suggestion does not acknowledge the immediate emotional burden the parent is experiencing or offer direct assistance.
D. "Has something changed with your child's health condition? You can usually handle taking care of them. I will schedule a follow-up appointment with their provider to see what is going on.” Assuming the parent can "usually handle" caregiving may invalidate their struggle. Additionally, suggesting a medical follow-up for the child rather than addressing the caregiver’s needs misses the core issue of caregiver stress.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
A. Delayed motor development. Children with muscular dystrophy often experience delayed milestones, such as difficulty walking, running, or climbing stairs. This is due to progressive muscle weakness, which affects motor skill acquisition.
B. Lung defects. While respiratory muscle weakness can occur in later stages of muscular dystrophy, congenital lung defects are not a primary characteristic of the condition. Respiratory complications typically arise due to muscle deterioration rather than structural lung defects.
C. Scoliosis. Progressive muscle weakness leads to postural instability, increasing the risk of scoliosis (abnormal spinal curvature). This is particularly common in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) as the muscles supporting the spine weaken.
D. Insomnia. Sleep disturbances are not a primary symptom of muscular dystrophy. However, respiratory complications or discomfort in later stages may contribute to sleep issues, but insomnia is not a defining feature.
E. Muscle weakness. Progressive muscle weakness is the hallmark of muscular dystrophy. It typically starts in the proximal muscles (hips, thighs, shoulders) and worsens over time, leading to mobility challenges and loss of independence.
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