A nurse is reinforcing education with the caregiver of a school-age child regarding immunizations to prevent respiratory infections. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Most vaccines require only one dose."

"Children who have underlying respiratory diseases should not receive vaccines."

"Early immunization is key to the prevention of illnesses."

"The rhinovirus can be prevented with a vaccine."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "Most vaccines require only one dose." Many vaccines require multiple doses or booster shots to ensure long-term immunity. For example, the influenza vaccine is given annually, and the pneumococcal vaccine may require boosters in high-risk children.

B. "Children who have underlying respiratory diseases should not receive vaccines." Children with underlying respiratory conditions (e.g., asthma, cystic fibrosis) are often at higher risk for complications from respiratory infections. Vaccination is especially important for these children to protect them from severe illness.

C. "Early immunization is key to the prevention of illnesses." Vaccinating children at the recommended ages helps build early immunity against preventable respiratory infections like influenza, pneumococcal disease, and pertussis. Early immunization reduces disease severity and complications.

D. "The rhinovirus can be prevented with a vaccine." The rhinovirus (which causes the common cold) does not have a vaccine because it has many different strains and mutates frequently. Vaccines are available for other respiratory illnesses, such as influenza, pneumonia, and pertussis.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A. Liver enzymes should be checked before starting. Some anticonvulsants, such as valproic acid and carbamazepine, can affect liver function. Baseline liver enzyme testing is recommended before starting therapy to monitor for potential hepatotoxicity.

B. Consult the prescriber for any dose adjustments. Anticonvulsants require careful dose titration based on the child's response, side effects, and therapeutic drug levels. The prescriber should be consulted for any necessary adjustments.

C. Do not take with anti-anxiety medications. While caution is needed when combining CNS depressants, anticonvulsants can sometimes be used alongside anti-anxiety medications if prescribed and monitored by a healthcare provider. The statement is too restrictive and does not apply universally.

D. Do not take the medication longer than a week. This is incorrect. Anticonvulsants prescribed for chronic pain management may be used for extended periods under medical supervision. Discontinuing the medication too soon can reduce effectiveness and may require a gradual taper.

E. An increased risk of suicide is associated with this medication. Certain anticonvulsants, including gabapentin, pregabalin, and carbamazepine, carry an FDA warning for an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Monitoring for mood changes, depression, or suicidal ideation is important.

A. Cardiac enzymes B. Complete blood count C. Blood coagulation tests D. Arterial blood gases

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Cardiac enzymes. Cardiac enzyme tests are used to assess heart damage, such as in myocardial infarction, and are not typically relevant in evaluating a child's nutritional status.

B. Complete blood count. A CBC is a key diagnostic test for assessing nutritional status, as it can reveal anemia (low hemoglobin and hematocrit), infection (elevated white blood cells), and overall health status. It helps identify deficiencies in iron, folate, and vitamin B12, which are common nutritional concerns in children.

C. Blood coagulation tests. Coagulation tests (e.g., PT, INR, aPTT) are used to assess blood clotting disorders and monitor anticoagulant therapy, but they are not standard tests for nutritional assessment unless there is suspicion of a vitamin K deficiency.

D. Arterial blood gases. ABG tests assess respiratory function and acid-base balance, which are more relevant in critically ill patients. They are not routinely used to evaluate a child's nutritional status.

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A nurse is reinforcing education with the caregiver of a school-age child regarding immunizations to prevent respiratory infections. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

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