A nurse is collecting data from a child who has been diagnosed with muscular dystrophy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select All that Apply.)

Delayed motor development

Lung defects

Scoliosis

Insomnia

Muscle weakness

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A. Delayed motor development. Children with muscular dystrophy often experience delayed milestones, such as difficulty walking, running, or climbing stairs. This is due to progressive muscle weakness, which affects motor skill acquisition.

B. Lung defects. While respiratory muscle weakness can occur in later stages of muscular dystrophy, congenital lung defects are not a primary characteristic of the condition. Respiratory complications typically arise due to muscle deterioration rather than structural lung defects.

C. Scoliosis. Progressive muscle weakness leads to postural instability, increasing the risk of scoliosis (abnormal spinal curvature). This is particularly common in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) as the muscles supporting the spine weaken.

D. Insomnia. Sleep disturbances are not a primary symptom of muscular dystrophy. However, respiratory complications or discomfort in later stages may contribute to sleep issues, but insomnia is not a defining feature.

E. Muscle weakness. Progressive muscle weakness is the hallmark of muscular dystrophy. It typically starts in the proximal muscles (hips, thighs, shoulders) and worsens over time, leading to mobility challenges and loss of independence.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "You should focus solely on cognitive development at home, as professional interventions are not effective for children with fragile X syndrome." This is incorrect. Professional interventions, including speech therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral therapy, are essential for supporting cognitive and social development in children with fragile X syndrome.

B. "Since your child has cognitive delays, you should avoid social activities that could overwhelm them and hinder their progress." Avoiding social activities can actually be harmful, as children with fragile X syndrome benefit from structured social interactions and support. Instead of avoidance, individualized strategies should be used to help the child participate comfortably.

C. "It's important to work with a multidisciplinary team to address your child's cognitive delays and support their development." This is correct. A multidisciplinary team, including special education teachers, therapists, and healthcare providers, helps ensure the child receives individualized support in cognitive, social, and communication skills.

D. "Cognitive delays in children with fragile X syndrome typically resolve on their own, so there is no need for specialized educational plans or therapies." Cognitive delays in fragile X syndrome do not resolve on their own. Early intervention and specialized education plans (e.g., IEPs) are crucial in maximizing the child’s potential.

A. Complete a screening test for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). B. Ask the parent about recent immunizations C. Educate the parent that toddlers do not typically say their first word until 18-20 months of age. D. Ask the parent if the toddler has a history of hospitalizations or surgeries.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Complete a screening test for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By 18 months, most toddlers have said their first word, and a lack of speech development can be an early sign of ASD or other developmental delays. The M-CHAT (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers) is a common screening tool used at this age to assess for autism. Early identification allows for timely interventions.

B. Ask the parent about recent immunizations. While immunization history is important for overall health, there is no connection between vaccines and delayed speech development. This question does not directly address the developmental concern at hand.

C. Educate the parent that toddlers do not typically say their first word until 18-20 months of age. This is incorrect. Most toddlers say their first word around 12 months, and by 18 months, they typically have a vocabulary of several words. A lack of speech at this age warrants further assessment.

D. Ask the parent if the toddler has a history of hospitalizations or surgeries. While medical history is important, hospitalizations or surgeries are not the most common causes of delayed speech. Developmental screening is the most appropriate next step in evaluating speech delays.

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A nurse is collecting data from a child who has been diagnosed with muscular dystrophy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to the parents of a 6-year-old child who has fragile X-syndrome and is manifesting cognitive delays. Which of the following statements concerning coordination of care should the nurse reinforce?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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