A nurse is assisting with teaching a class on ethical principles. The nurse should include that protecting a client's safety by not causing harm refers to which of the following ethical principles?

Explanation:

A. Spirituality can increase feelings of hopelessness.

This statement is generally incorrect. Spirituality often provides individuals with a sense of purpose, meaning, and hope, especially during challenging times such as facing the end of life. It can offer comfort, guidance, and a sense of connection to something greater than oneself, which can alleviate feelings of hopelessness.

B. Spirituality can increase the desire to hasten death.

This statement is not typically true. For many individuals, spirituality provides a source of strength, resilience, and peace, which can help them cope with the end-of-life process without necessarily increasing the desire to hasten death. Spirituality often encourages acceptance, inner peace, and a focus on finding meaning in life's experiences, including the end of life.

C. Spirituality can increase depression.

While spirituality can be a source of support and coping for individuals near the end of life, it is not accurate to say that it increases depression. In fact, spirituality can often provide comfort, solace, and a sense of connection that may help reduce feelings of depression and promote emotional well-being.

D. Spirituality can increase the quality of life.

This statement is correct. Many studies and anecdotal evidence suggest that spirituality plays a significant role in enhancing the quality of life for individuals facing the end of life. It can provide comfort, peace, meaning, and a sense of connection with others, one's beliefs, and the universe, contributing to overall well-being and quality of life.

Explanation:

A. Pharmaceutical sales representatives: While pharmaceutical sales representatives may provide promotional materials and product information, their primary goal is to promote specific medications. Their information may be biased and may not always reflect an objective assessment of drug efficacy, safety, or appropriateness.

B. Published journals: Peer-reviewed journals and reputable publications are excellent sources of evidence-based information on medications. They often contain studies, reviews, and updates on drug efficacy, safety, interactions, and guidelines.

C. Pharmacists: Pharmacists are highly trained professionals who specialize in medications. They can provide valuable information regarding drug interactions, dosages, administration, side effects, contraindications, and patient education. Pharmacists are reliable sources for clarifying medication-related inquiries.

D. Internet: While the internet can provide a wealth of information, it is crucial to use reputable and evidence-based websites when searching for medication information. Many websites may contain inaccurate, outdated, or misleading information. Healthcare professionals should use caution and verify information obtained from online sources.

E. Physicians Desk Reference (PDR): The Physicians Desk Reference is a comprehensive reference book that contains detailed information on prescription drugs, including indications, dosages, interactions, adverse effects, and warnings. It is a trusted resource commonly used by healthcare professionals.