A nurse is assisting with teaching a class on ethical principles. The nurse should include that protecting a client's safety by not causing harm refers to which of the following ethical principles?

Explanation:

A. Open access peer-reviewed articles must be purchased by the user.

This statement is not accurate. Open access peer-reviewed articles are freely available to users without the need for purchase. They are published under an open access model, making them accessible to anyone with an internet connection.

B. Peer-reviewed articles are not considered scholarly sources of evidence.

This statement is incorrect. Peer-reviewed articles are indeed considered scholarly sources of evidence. They undergo a rigorous peer-review process where experts in the field review the content for accuracy, validity, and reliability before publication.

C. Editorial opinion articles by journalists can be as relevant as peer-reviewed articles.

This statement is generally not accurate in the context of evidence-based practice. While editorial opinion articles may offer valuable insights and perspectives, they are not subjected to the same level of scrutiny and review as peer-reviewed articles. Peer-reviewed articles are typically considered more reliable and credible sources of evidence in healthcare and academic settings.

D. Peer-reviewed articles have been through laborious review by other professionals.

This statement is correct. Peer-reviewed articles undergo a thorough review process by other professionals in the same field before they are accepted for publication. This review process ensures that the research and information presented in the article meet high standards of quality, accuracy, and validity.

Explanation:

A. Battery: Battery refers to intentional harmful or offensive touching without consent. In the context of healthcare, it usually involves physical contact or procedures performed without the patient's consent. An inadvertent medication error, even if it causes harm, does not typically constitute battery unless there was an intentional act of administering the wrong medication against the patient's will.

B. Assault: Assault is the threat of harmful or offensive contact. It involves creating a reasonable apprehension of imminent harmful or offensive contact in the patient's mind. An inadvertent medication error, while it may cause harm, does not typically constitute assault unless there was an intentional threat of harm made to the patient.

C. Abuse: Abuse involves the intentional mistreatment or harm of another person. An inadvertent medication error is not considered abuse unless there was an intentional act to harm the patient.

D. Malpractice: Malpractice refers to professional negligence or failure to provide the standard of care expected in a particular profession, such as nursing. In the scenario described, the inadvertent medication error resulting in a severe allergic reaction and prolonging the client's hospitalization could be considered a case of malpractice. The nurse failed to meet the standard of care expected in administering medications safely, leading to harm to the patient.