A nurse is assisting with teaching a group of older adult clients about behavioral expectations. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to help eliminate barriers to learning?

Schedule the teaching sessions for a longer duration to promote participation.

Assist the clients with establishing long-term goals.

Use "I" statements rather than "you" statements.

Ensure the teaching sessions occur right before bedtime.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A Reason:
Scheduling teaching sessions for a longer duration may not necessarily promote participation among older adults. In fact, prolonged sessions can lead to fatigue and decreased attention, especially in older populations who may have reduced stamina for long activities.

Choice B Reason:
While assisting clients with establishing long-term goals is beneficial for motivation and direction, it is not directly related to eliminating barriers to learning. Goals are more about the outcomes of learning rather than the process itself.

Choice C Reason:
Using "I" statements rather than "you" statements can help eliminate barriers to learning by creating a non-threatening environment. This approach encourages personal responsibility and reduces defensiveness, allowing for more open and effective communication.

Choice D Reason:
Ensuring that teaching sessions occur right before bedtime is not advisable. Older adults may be more tired at the end of the day, and this timing could interfere with their ability to concentrate and retain information.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason:
Eating a meal just before bedtime is generally not recommended for promoting sleep. Consuming food late at night can lead to indigestion and discomfort, which can interfere with the ability to fall asleep and stay asleep. Additionally, certain foods may cause an increase in energy levels, making it harder to wind down. The body’s digestive process can also disrupt the natural sleep cycle, leading to poorer sleep quality.

Choice B Reason:
Drinking a glass of wine or any alcoholic beverage before bed is not advisable for promoting healthy sleep. While alcohol might initially make you feel drowsy, it can disrupt the sleep cycle later in the night. Alcohol can interfere with the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage of sleep, which is crucial for restorative sleep. It can also lead to fragmented sleep and frequent awakenings, reducing overall sleep quality.

Choice C Reason:
Limiting caffeine intake is a well-known strategy for improving sleep quality. Caffeine is a stimulant that can interfere with the ability to fall asleep and stay asleep. By limiting yourself to two caffeinated beverages per day, preferably consumed earlier in the day, you reduce the likelihood of caffeine affecting your sleep. This recommendation aligns with sleep hygiene practices that promote better sleep patterns and overall sleep quality.

Choice D Reason:
Taking a nap after lunch can be beneficial for some people, but it can also interfere with nighttime sleep if not managed properly. Long or late naps can reduce the body’s sleep drive, making it harder to fall asleep at night. For individuals with sleep difficulties, it is often recommended to avoid napping or to limit naps to short durations (20-30 minutes) and to take them earlier in the day to prevent interference with nighttime sleep.

A. Sodium level B. Liver enzymes C. Uric acid D. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A: Sodium Level
Lithium can affect sodium levels in the body, but monitoring sodium levels is not the primary focus when assessing for lithium toxicity or adverse effects. Lithium can cause hyponatremia (low sodium levels) due to its effects on the kidneys and its ability to interfere with sodium reabsorption. However, sodium levels are not the most critical laboratory value to monitor for lithium therapy. Instead, healthcare providers focus on lithium levels in the blood to ensure they are within the therapeutic range, which is typically 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L.

Choice B: Liver Enzymes
Monitoring liver enzymes is essential for medications that are metabolized by the liver and can cause hepatotoxicity. Lithium is not primarily metabolized by the liver; it is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Therefore, liver enzymes are not a primary concern when monitoring for lithium's adverse effects. However, it is still important to monitor kidney function, as lithium can cause nephrotoxicity.

Choice C: Uric Acid
Lithium can increase uric acid levels in the blood, leading to hyperuricemia and potentially causing gout. Monitoring uric acid levels is important to prevent and manage these potential adverse effects. Elevated uric acid levels can lead to the formation of urate crystals in the joints, causing pain and inflammation. Therefore, healthcare providers often monitor uric acid levels in patients taking lithium to prevent complications related to hyperuricemia.

Choice D: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and is not directly related to lithium therapy. While ESR can be elevated in various conditions, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammatory conditions, it is not a primary laboratory value to monitor for lithium's adverse effects. Monitoring ESR would not provide specific information about lithium toxicity or its impact on the body.

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A nurse is assisting with teaching a group of older adult clients about behavioral expectations. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to help eliminate barriers to learning?

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