A nurse is preparing to administer medication to a toddler.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale

Applying lotion to the newborn’s skin twice per day is not necessary during phototherapy. The main goal of phototherapy is to reduce the level of bilirubin in the newborn’s blood. Applying lotion can interfere with the effectiveness of the light therapy and can cause the newborn’s skin to overheat.

Choice B rationale

Monitoring the newborn’s blood glucose level hourly is not necessary during phototherapy unless the newborn has a specific condition that requires close monitoring of blood glucose levels. Phototherapy does not directly affect blood glucose levels.

Choice C rationale

Encouraging the newborn to breastfeed every 2 hours is an important part of the care plan for a newborn undergoing phototherapy. Frequent feeding can help to promote the excretion of bilirubin through the newborn’s stool.

Choice D rationale

Maintaining the newborn in a prone position is not necessary during phototherapy. The newborn should be placed in a variety of positions to ensure that all areas of the skin are exposed to the light.

Choice A rationale

Understanding the cause of illness is a complex cognitive task that typically develops later in childhood. Preschool-aged children are still developing their understanding of cause and effect, and their thinking is often more concrete than abstract.

Choice B rationale

Describing manifestations of illness is also a complex task that requires a certain level of cognitive and language development. While preschool-aged children are developing their language skills rapidly, their ability to describe complex phenomena such as the manifestations of illness is still developing.

Choice C rationale

Awareness of body functioning is a concept that typically develops later in childhood. Preschool-aged children are still learning about their bodies and how they work. Their understanding of body functioning is often concrete and based on what they can see and feel.

Choice D rationale

Relating fears to magical thinking is a characteristic of preschool-aged children’s cognitive development. At this age, children’s thinking is often dominated by fantasy and magic. They may attribute events or experiences to magical causes, and their fears may be related to these magical beliefs.