A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child who has viral meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Koplik spots
Decreased protein in the cerebrospinal fluid
Nuchal rigidity
Decreased glucose in the cerebrospinal fluid
The Correct Answer is C
A. Koplik spots: These are small, white lesions on the buccal mucosa associated with measles, not meningitis.
B. Decreased protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Viral meningitis typically causes normal or slightly elevated protein levels in CSF.
C. Nuchal rigidity. Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck) is a classic sign of meningitis due to inflammation of the meninges.
D. Decreased glucose in cerebrospinal fluid: Decreased glucose in CSF is associated with bacterial meningitis, not viral.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Apply a transparent dressing to the site after the venipuncture. A pressure dressing is more appropriate to control bleeding in a child with hemophilia.
B. Apply a cold compress to the site prior to obtaining the sample. Cold compresses reduce swelling but are not required prior to venipuncture.
C. Perform an Allen test prior to obtaining the blood sample. An Allen test is used to evaluate arterial circulation before arterial blood sampling, not for venipuncture.
D. Obtain the sample using venipuncture. Venipuncture is preferred over heel sticks or finger pricks for children with hemophilia because it minimizes trauma and bleeding.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Superficial scrapes on the toddler's lower legs: These are common in toddlers due to normal play and exploration.
B. Circular burns on the soles of the toddler's feet: Circular burns, especially in unusual areas like the soles, are a hallmark sign of intentional injury and potential abuse.
C. Irregular area of blue pigmentation over the sacrum: This is likely a Mongolian spot, a benign and common finding in children of certain ethnicities.
D. Single bruise on the toddler's forearm: This is not necessarily indicative of abuse, as toddlers frequently sustain minor injuries from routine activities.
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