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A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old pediatric client who has an inguinal hernia. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the parents ask for clarification about the inguinal hernia?

An inguinal hernia occurs when digestive fluids leak from the bowel, causing swelling that results in a bulge in the groin.

An inguinal hernia occurs when a viral infection weakens the intestine, allowing the bowel to herniate into the groin.

An inguinal hernia occurs when a part of the bowel or fatty tissue slips through a weak spot in the abdominal cavity near the groin.

An inguinal hernia occurs when an accumulation of excess gas in the abdominal cavity results in a bulge in the groin.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. An inguinal hernia occurs when digestive fluids leak from the bowel, causing swelling that results in a bulge in the groin is incorrect. An inguinal hernia involves a protrusion of bowel or fatty tissue through a weakness in the abdominal wall, not digestive fluids leaking from the bowel.

B. An inguinal hernia occurs when a viral infection weakens the intestine, allowing the bowel to herniate into the groin is incorrect. Inguinal hernias are congenital or result from increased intra-abdominal pressure, not caused by viral infections.

C. An inguinal hernia occurs when a part of the bowel or fatty tissue slips through a weak spot in the abdominal cavity near the groin is correct. Inguinal hernias occur when tissue, usually part of the intestine or fatty tissue, pushes through a weak area in the abdominal wall near the groin. This condition is common in infants and children.

D. An inguinal hernia occurs when an accumulation of excess gas in the abdominal cavity results in a bulge in the groin is incorrect. While excess gas can cause bloating or discomfort, it is not responsible for the development of an inguinal hernia. The bulge is caused by the protrusion of tissue through a weakness in the abdominal wall.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Brisk pupillary reaction to light is a normal finding and does not indicate increased intracranial pressure (ICP). In fact, a sluggish or non-reactive pupil response is more indicative of increased ICP.

B. Increased sleepiness or lethargy is an early sign of increased ICP in infants. The brain’s response to rising pressure can cause altered mental status, which includes drowsiness or difficulty waking.

C. Tachycardia is not typically an early sign of increased ICP. As pressure increases, the heart rate can actually slow, and bradycardia (slower heart rate) is often seen in more advanced stages.

D. Depressed fontanels are not indicative of increased ICP. In fact, in infants, increased ICP is more commonly associated with bulging fontanels, not depressed ones. Depressed fontanels could indicate dehydration or malnutrition.

A. "My baby's formula can be thickened with oatmeal." B. "I will keep my baby in an upright position after feedings." C. "I will have to feed my baby formula rather than breast milk." D. "I should position my baby side-lying during sleep."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "My baby's formula can be thickened with oatmeal." While some infants with reflux may benefit from thickening their formula, oatmeal is not typically recommended as a thickening agent. Parents should follow specific medical guidance on safe thickening agents for formula.

B. "I will keep my baby in an upright position after feedings." This statement demonstrates an understanding of appropriate management of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Keeping the baby upright after feeding helps prevent the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus, reducing reflux symptoms.

C. "I will have to feed my baby formula rather than breast milk." This statement is incorrect. Breast milk is not contraindicated for infants with GER, and in fact, breast milk may be easier to digest and may help reduce reflux symptoms compared to formula.

D. "I should position my baby side-lying during sleep." This statement is not recommended. Babies should be placed on their back for sleep, as side-lying positions can increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The back sleep position is safest for all infants, including those with reflux.

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A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old pediatric client who has an inguinal hernia. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when the parents ask for clarification about the inguinal hernia?

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