A nurse is caring for a 6-week-old infant admitted to the pediatric unit for evaluation of a suspected pyloric stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Projectile vomiting
Metabolic acidosis
Effortless regurgitation
Distended abdomen
The Correct Answer is A
A. Projectile vomiting
Projectile vomiting is a classic symptom of pyloric stenosis in infants. It typically occurs within 30 minutes of feeding and is forceful, often projecting several feet away from the infant. This occurs due to the obstruction at the pyloric sphincter, leading to the stomach forcefully emptying its contents.
B. Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis is not a typical finding associated with pyloric stenosis. Pyloric stenosis leads to vomiting, which can result in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, but it typically does not cause metabolic acidosis directly.
C. Effortless regurgitation
Effortless regurgitation is not a characteristic finding of pyloric stenosis. In pyloric stenosis, vomiting is forceful and projectile, rather than a passive regurgitation of stomach contents.
D. Distended abdomen
A distended abdomen can be a finding in pyloric stenosis. The obstruction at the pyloric sphincter can lead to gastric retention, causing the stomach to become distended over time. However, it's important to note that not all infants with pyloric stenosis will present with a visibly distended abdomen.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]
Explanation
A. Hematuria:
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is a common finding in urinary tract infections (UTIs). It occurs due to irritation and inflammation of the urinary tract lining, causing small blood vessels to leak blood into the urine.
B. Urinary frequency:
Urinary frequency, or the need to urinate more often than usual, is a classic symptom of a UTI. It occurs because the infection irritates the bladder lining, leading to a frequent urge to urinate even when the bladder is not full.
C. Polyuria:
Polyuria, or excessive urination, is not typically associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Instead, UTIs usually cause urinary frequency without necessarily increasing the total volume of urine produced (polyuria).
D. Dependent edema:
Dependent edema, or swelling in the lower extremities due to fluid accumulation, is not a typical finding in urinary tract infections. UTIs primarily affect the urinary system and do not typically cause systemic fluid retention.
E. Dysuria:
Dysuria, or painful urination, is another hallmark symptom of urinary tract infections. It occurs due to inflammation and irritation of the urinary tract lining, making urination uncomfortable or even painful.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Firmly attached white particles on the hair:
Firmly attached white particles on the hair are characteristic of nits, which are the eggs of lice. While this finding supports the diagnosis of pediculosis capitis, it is not a definitive indication on its own.
B. Itching and scratching of the head:
Itching and scratching of the head are common symptoms of pediculosis capitis. However, they are also common symptoms of various other scalp conditions, so they are not definitive indications.
C. Thick, yellow-crusted lesions on a red base:
This description is more characteristic of impetigo, a bacterial skin infection, rather than pediculosis capitis. Impetigo typically presents with yellow-crusted lesions on a red base, but it does not involve lice infestation.
D. Patchy areas of hair loss:
Patchy areas of hair loss are not typically associated with pediculosis capitis. This finding is more suggestive of conditions like alopecia areata or fungal infections.
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