A nurse is caring for a client during his first hemodialysis treatment. The client reports a headache, nausea, and is agitated. Which of the following complications should the nurse identify these findings as manifestations of?

Disequilibrium syndrome

Septicemia

Air embolism

Peritonitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Disequilibrium syndrome is characterized by headache, nausea, and agitation, which can occur during or after hemodialysis, especially in the first few sessions as the body adjusts to the treatment².

Choice B reason: Septicemia would typically present with fever, chills, and hypotension, not specifically headache and agitation².

Choice C reason: Air embolism is a rare complication that would present with sudden respiratory distress, chest pain, and possibly hypotension, not just headache and agitation².

Choice D reason: Peritonitis is associated with abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, and possibly altered bowel movements, not the symptoms described².

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Nausea and faintness Nausea and faintness can be symptoms of hypovolemic shock. Hypovolemic shock occurs when the body loses a significant amount of blood or fluids, leading to a decrease in blood pressure and inadequate oxygen supply to the organs. This can cause various symptoms, including nausea and faintness, as the body struggles to maintain normal function.

Choice B reason: Neurologic deficits and apprehension Neurologic deficits and apprehension can also be symptoms of hypovolemic shock. Neurologic deficits refer to abnormal neurologic function of a body area due to injury of the brain, spinal cord, muscles, or nerves. Apprehension, or anxiety, can occur as the body responds to the stress of significant blood or fluid loss.

Choice C reason: Hypertension and tachypnea Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is not typically a symptom of hypovolemic shock. In fact, hypovolemic shock is usually characterized by hypotension, or low blood pressure, due to the loss of blood or fluids. Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, can be a symptom of hypovolemic shock, but it would not typically be accompanied by hypertension in this context.

Choice D reason: Diaphoresis and oliguria Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) and oliguria (reduced urine production) can be symptoms of hypovolemic shock. Diaphoresis can occur as the body attempts to cool itself in response to the stress of significant blood or fluid loss. Oliguria can occur as the kidneys receive less blood flow due to the decrease in blood volume, leading to decreased urine production.

A. Nitroglycerin B. Aspirin C. Oxygen D. Morphine

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Morphine is used to manage pain and anxiety after the initial acute phase of an MI.

Choice B reason: Aspirin is used in the initial treatment of MI to prevent further clot formation but is not primarily for pain and anxiety management.

Choice C reason: Oxygen is administered during the acute phase of an MI if the patient is hypoxic.

Choice D reason: Nitroglycerin is used to manage chest pain in MI but is not the primary medication for general pain and anxiety post-acute phase.

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A nurse is caring for a client during his first hemodialysis treatment. The client reports a headache, nausea, and is agitated. Which of the following complications should the nurse identify these findings as manifestations of?

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