A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of liver disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Night sweats

Acanthosis nigricans

Hemosiderin staining

Pruritus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A Reason: Night sweats

Night sweats are not typically associated with liver disease. They are more commonly linked to conditions such as infections, hormonal imbalances, or certain cancers1. While liver disease can cause a variety of symptoms, night sweats are not a primary manifestation.

Choice B Reason: Acanthosis nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans is characterized by dark, velvety patches of skin, usually in body folds and creases. It is often associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and certain endocrine disorders. It is not a common manifestation of liver disease.

Choice C Reason: Hemosiderin staining

Hemosiderin staining refers to the deposition of iron in the skin, which can cause a brownish discoloration. This condition is more commonly associated with chronic venous insufficiency or hemochromatosis, a genetic disorder that causes iron overload. It is not a typical symptom of liver disease.

Choice D Reason: Pruritus

Pruritus, or itching, is a common symptom of liver disease. It is often caused by the accumulation of bile salts in the skin due to impaired bile flow, a condition known as cholestasis. This symptom can be particularly distressing for patients and is a significant indicator of liver dysfunction.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Nutritional therapy focuses on dietary needs and ensuring patients receive adequate nutrition. While this is important for overall health, it does not directly address the swallowing difficulties experienced by patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Choice B Reason:

This is the correct answer. Speech therapy is essential for patients with Parkinson’s disease who have difficulty swallowing. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are trained to assess and treat swallowing disorders (dysphagia). They can provide exercises and strategies to improve swallowing function and reduce the risk of aspiration.

Choice C Reason:

Occupational therapy helps patients with daily living activities and improving motor skills. While occupational therapists can assist with feeding techniques, they do not specialize in treating swallowing disorders.

Choice D Reason:

Respiratory therapy focuses on breathing and lung function. It is not directly related to swallowing difficulties, although respiratory therapists may be involved if there are complications such as aspiration pneumonia.

A. Portal of entry B. Susceptible host C. Infectious agent D. Reservoir

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: Portal of entry

The client’s mouth serves as the portal of entry in the chain of infection. The portal of entry is the route through which an infectious agent enters the host. In the case of hepatitis A, the virus enters the body through the mouth when contaminated food or water is ingested. This link is crucial in the chain of infection as it determines how the pathogen gains access to the host’s body.

Choice B Reason: Susceptible host

A susceptible host is an individual who is at risk of infection due to factors such as a weakened immune system, age, or underlying health conditions. While the client in this scenario may be a susceptible host, the mouth specifically represents the portal of entry, not the host itself.

Choice C Reason: Infectious agent

The infectious agent is the pathogen that causes the disease. In this case, the infectious agent is the hepatitis A virus. The mouth is not the infectious agent but rather the entry point for the virus into the body.

Choice D Reason: Reservoir

A reservoir is the habitat in which the infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies. Common reservoirs include humans, animals, and the environment. The client’s mouth is not a reservoir but the portal of entry for the hepatitis A virus.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of liver disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing care to a client who has Parkinson’s disease and is having difficulty swallowing. Which of the following departments should the nurse plan to contact for a consultation?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who acquired hepatitis A from consuming contaminated food. The client’s mouth is an example of which of the following links in the chain of infection?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has had diarrhea for several days. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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