A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of liver disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Night sweats

Acanthosis nigricans

Hemosiderin staining

Pruritus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A Reason: Night sweats

Night sweats are not typically associated with liver disease. They are more commonly linked to conditions such as infections, hormonal imbalances, or certain cancers1. While liver disease can cause a variety of symptoms, night sweats are not a primary manifestation.

Choice B Reason: Acanthosis nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans is characterized by dark, velvety patches of skin, usually in body folds and creases. It is often associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and certain endocrine disorders. It is not a common manifestation of liver disease.

Choice C Reason: Hemosiderin staining

Hemosiderin staining refers to the deposition of iron in the skin, which can cause a brownish discoloration. This condition is more commonly associated with chronic venous insufficiency or hemochromatosis, a genetic disorder that causes iron overload. It is not a typical symptom of liver disease.

Choice D Reason: Pruritus

Pruritus, or itching, is a common symptom of liver disease. It is often caused by the accumulation of bile salts in the skin due to impaired bile flow, a condition known as cholestasis. This symptom can be particularly distressing for patients and is a significant indicator of liver dysfunction.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by cerebrospinal fluid flowing from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area of the brain

This statement is not accurate. Cerebral edema in meningitis is not primarily caused by the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the intraventricular space to the interstitial area. Instead, it is more related to the inflammatory response triggered by the infection.

Choice B Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by osmotic cerebral edema

Osmotic cerebral edema occurs when there is an imbalance in the osmotic pressure, leading to fluid accumulation in the brain. However, this is not the primary mechanism in meningitis. The edema in meningitis is more related to the inflammatory response and the by-products of the pathogen.

Choice C Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by the by-products of the pathogen that causes the meningitis

This statement is the most accurate. In meningitis, the infection triggers an inflammatory response, leading to the release of various by-products such as cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. These substances increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, resulting in fluid leakage and cerebral edema.

Choice D Reason: Cerebral edema is caused by whole body inflammation which affects the brain the most

While systemic inflammation can contribute to cerebral edema, the primary cause in meningitis is the localized inflammatory response in the brain and meninges. The by-products of the pathogen and the resulting inflammation are the main factors leading to cerebral edema.

A. “Avoid consuming undercooked foods.” B. “Avoid using hormone replacement therapy as this can increase your risk for a peptic ulcer.” C. “Avoid foods that have been fried.” D. “Avoid using decongestants for seasonal allergies/colds due to their positive link to developing a peptic ulcer.”

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Avoiding undercooked foods is generally good advice for preventing foodborne illnesses, but it is not specifically related to reducing the risk of peptic ulcers. Peptic ulcers are primarily caused by Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Choice B Reason:

There is no established link between hormone replacement therapy and an increased risk of peptic ulcers. The primary risk factors for peptic ulcers include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.

Choice C Reason:

This is the correct answer. Fried foods can irritate the stomach lining and increase the production of stomach acid, which can exacerbate the symptoms of peptic ulcers and potentially contribute to their development. Avoiding fried foods can help reduce irritation and promote healing.

Choice D Reason:

There is no evidence to suggest that decongestants for seasonal allergies or colds are linked to the development of peptic ulcers. The main contributors to peptic ulcers are H. pylori infection and NSAID use.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of liver disease. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client admitted with meningitis. The student nurse asks, “I know that the client has a lot of edema in the brain, but what causes it?” Which of the following responses from the nurse best answers the student’s question?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who states their parent died from complications of a GI bleed. Which of the following statements from the nurse will help the client decrease their risk of developing a peptic ulcer?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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