. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for the initial treatment of hypertension. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as the action of this medication?
Hydrochlorothiazide prevents angiotensin II from binding with receptor sites.
Hydrochlorothiazide decreases the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal renal tubule.
Hydrochlorothiazide blocks stimulation of beta receptors in the sympathetic nervous system.
Hydrochlorothiazide promotes the movement of extravascular fluids into the vascular compartment.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Hydrochlorothiazide does not prevent angiotensin II from binding with receptor sites; this action is typically associated with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers.
B. Hydrochlorothiazide decreases the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal renal tubule, which leads to increased urine output and decreased blood volume, effectively lowering blood pressure.
C. Hydrochlorothiazide does not block beta receptors; this is the mechanism of action for beta-blockers.
D. Hydrochlorothiazide does not promote the movement of extravascular fluids into the vascular compartment; instead, it reduces blood volume by promoting diuresis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Nitrates: Nitrates are primarily used to manage angina or heart conditions and are unrelated to acetazolamide or its potential for allergic reactions.
B. Sulfa-based medications: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that contains sulfonamide groups. Clients with a sulfa allergy may experience a cross-sensitivity reaction, so it's important to confirm any history of sulfa allergies before administration.
C. Mostly cloudy: This option does not relate to any medication classification and is incorrect.
D. Antilipemic agents: Antilipemics are used to lower cholesterol and are not related to acetazolamide or its potential for allergic reactions.
E. Proton pump inhibitors: Proton pump inhibitors are used to reduce stomach acid and do not have a known cross-sensitivity with acetazolamide.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Lactated Ringer's: This solution is isotonic and is typically used for fluid resuscitation, not for hypotonic treatment.
B. 0.9% sodium chloride: This is isotonic saline and does not qualify as a hypotonic solution.
C. 3% sodium chloride: This solution is hypertonic and used to treat severe hyponatremia, not hypotonic hydration.
D. 0.45% sodium chloride: This is the correct choice as it is a hypotonic solution that can help to hydrate cells by providing free water.
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