A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for the initial treatment of hypertension.
Which of the following should the nurse recognize as the action of this medication?
Hydrochlorothiazide prevents angiotensin II from binding with receptor sites.
Hydrochlorothiazide decreases the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal renal tubule.
Hydrochlorothiazide blocks stimulation of beta receptors in the sympathetic nervous system.
Hydrochlorothiazide promotes the movement of extravascular fluids into the vascular compartment.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Hydrochlorothiazide does not interact with angiotensin II receptors. Instead, it affects electrolyte balance in the kidney by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to increased urine output and reduction in blood pressure.
Choice B rationale
Hydrochlorothiazide decreases sodium and water reabsorption in the distal tubules, increasing urine production. This diuretic action reduces blood volume and subsequently decreases blood pressure, effectively treating hypertension.
Choice C rationale
Hydrochlorothiazide does not block beta receptors. Beta blockers reduce heart rate and decrease cardiac output to lower blood pressure. Hydrochlorothiazide acts as a diuretic, not a beta receptor antagonist.
Choice D rationale
Hydrochlorothiazide does not promote movement of extravascular fluids into the vascular compartment. It decreases blood volume by reducing fluid retention through increased urine output, thereby lowering blood pressure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Brown-colored urine is a common side effect of nitrofurantoin and is typically not harmful. It occurs due to the drug being metabolized and excreted in the urine, which can alter its color.
Choice B rationale
Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections. It is not indicated for relief of peripheral nerve pain, which is typically managed with medications like gabapentin or pregabalin.
Choice C rationale
Crushing nitrofurantoin tablets can alter the medication’s absorption and effectiveness. It is recommended to swallow the tablets whole to ensure proper release and action of the drug in the body.
Choice D rationale
Developing a cough while taking nitrofurantoin could indicate a hypersensitivity reaction or a serious pulmonary condition like interstitial lung disease. Reporting this symptom is crucial for timely evaluation and intervention.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Alosetron does not significantly impact gastric acid production. Its primary function is to modulate serotonin receptors in the gut, not to alter the secretion of gastric acids.
Choice B rationale
Alosetron, a serotonin receptor antagonist, is used to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by decreasing the frequency of defecation. It slows colonic transit time, reducing bowel movements.
Choice C rationale
Alosetron decreases gastric motility rather than increasing it. It works by slowing down the movements of the intestines, which helps to manage diarrhea-predominant IBS.
Choice D rationale
Alosetron's mechanism does not include increasing the absorption of water into the intestine. It primarily affects the neurotransmitters involved in bowel movement regulation.
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