A nurse is caring for a client who has acute respiratory failure (ARF). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of this condition? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A Reason: This choice is incorrect because laboratory testing of serum potassium upon admission is an appropriate prescription for a client who has acute heart failure following MI. Serum potassium is an electrolyte that affects the cardiac function and rhythm. A normal serum potassium range is 3.5 to 5 mEq/L, and an abnormal level can indicate hypokalemia or hyperkalemia, which can cause arrhythmias, muscle weakness, or paralysis. Therefore, monitoring serum potassium is important to detect and correct any electrolyte imbalance and prevent complications.

Choice B Reason: This choice is incorrect because bumetanide 1 mg IV bolus every 12 hr is an appropriate prescription for a client who has acute heart failure following MI. Bumetanide is a loop diuretic that helps to reduce fluid retention and edema by increasing the urine output and sodium excretion. It may be used for clients who have heart failure, hypertension, or renal impairment, but it can cause hypokalemia, hypotension, or dehydration.

Therefore, administering bumetanide as prescribed can help to improve the cardiac output and reduce the preload and afterload.

Choice C Reason: This choice is correct because 0.9% normal saline IV at 50 mL/hr continuous is an inappropriate prescription for a client who has acute heart failure following MI. 0.9% normal saline is an isotonic solution that contains the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma. It may be used for clients who have fluid loss, dehydration, or shock, but it can worsen fluid overload and pulmonary edema in clients who have acute heart failure. Therefore, clarifying this prescription with the provider is necessary to prevent further deterioration of the client's condition.

Choice D Reason: This choice is incorrect because morphine sulfate 2 mg IV bolus every 2 hr PRN pain is an appropriate prescription for a client who has acute heart failure following MI. Morphine sulfate is an opioid analgesic that helps to relieve pain and anxiety by binding to the opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. It may be used for clients who have moderate to severe pain, dyspnea, or chest discomfort, but it can cause respiratory depression, hypotension, or nausea. Therefore, administering morphine sulfate as prescribed can help to reduce the oxygen demand and improve the cardiac function.

Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because fluid overload is a condition of excess fluid volume in the body. A client who has fluid overload is more likely to have a high CVP, which indicates increased pressure in the right atrium and vena cava.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because an intracardiac shunt is a condition of abnormal blood flow between the chambers of the heart. A client who has an intracardiac shunt may have a normal or high CVP, depending on the direction and magnitude of the shunt.

Choice C Reason: This is correct because hypovolemia is a condition of low fluid volume in the body. A client who has hypovolemia is more likely to have a low CVP, which indicates decreased pressure in the right atrium and vena cava.

Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because left ventricular failure is a condition of impaired pumping function of the left ventricle. A client who has left ventricular failure may have a normal or high CVP, depending on the degree of backward failure and pulmonary congestion.