A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking warfarin and has an international normalized ratio (INR) time of 5. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe?
Ferrous sulfate
Heparin
Prednisone
Vitamin K
The Correct Answer is D
A. Ferrous sulfate: Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement used to treat or prevent low blood levels of iron (such as those caused by anemia or pregnancy). It is not used to treat high INR levels.
B. Heparin: Heparin is an anticoagulant, or blood thinner, that prevents the formation of blood clots. It would not be used to treat a high INR level, as it could potentially increase the INR even further.
C. Prednisone: Prednisone is a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation in the body. It is not used to treat high INR levels.
D. Vitamin K: This is correct. Vitamin K is used to help blood clot and is given to patients who have a high INR level to reduce the risk of bleeding. Warfarin works by blocking the effects of vitamin K, so giving vitamin K can help reverse the effects of warfarin and lower the INR.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
(A) Increased bowel sounds
At the end of life, decreased bowel sounds or even absent bowel sounds are more common due to reduced gastrointestinal activity as the body begins to shut down. Increased bowel sounds are not typically expected.
(B) Hypertension
Hypertension is not typically expected at the end of life. Instead, hypotension (low blood pressure) is more common as the heart and other systems begin to fail.
(C) Moist mucous membranes
At the end of life, mucous membranes are often dry due to decreased fluid intake and systemic dehydration. Moist mucous membranes would not be an expected finding.
(D) Mottled skin
Mottled skin is a common and expected finding at the end of life. It occurs as circulation diminishes and the skin takes on a blotchy, purplish appearance, typically starting in the extremities and moving centrally. This is a sign that the body is shutting down and approaching death.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
(A) Blood pressure 160/94 mm Hg:
Metoprolol is a beta-blocker commonly used to treat hypertension. A blood pressure reading of 160/94 mm Hg indicates hypertension, which is an indication for administering metoprolol, not withholding it.
(B) Oxygen saturation 95%:
An oxygen saturation of 95% is within the normal range and does not provide a reason to withhold metoprolol. Oxygen saturation levels are not directly impacted by this medication in a way that would warrant withholding it.
(C) Heart rate 50/min:
A heart rate of 50/min is bradycardia (a slow heart rate). Metoprolol can further lower the heart rate, so it should be withheld if the client is already experiencing bradycardia. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider for further instructions.
(D) Respiratory rate 18/min:
A respiratory rate of 18/min is within the normal range (12-20 breaths per minute) and does not provide a reason to withhold metoprolol. Respiratory rate is not typically a contraindication for this medication unless there are specific respiratory conditions or other related symptoms present.
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