A nurse is caring for a client who has cancer and is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following lab values indicates the treatment is effective?

A. A family history of urolithiasis is a risk factor for developing the condition. Genetic factors can influence the risk of developing kidney stones.
B. Diuretic use can increase the risk of kidney stone formation by increasing the concentration of certain substances in the urine that can lead to stone formation.
C. A body mass index (BMI) less than 25 is not typically considered a risk factor for urolithiasis. Obesity, however, can be a risk factor for certain types of kidney stones.
D. Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) can increase the risk of certain types of kidney stones, particularly those composed of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. However, hypocalcemia is not a common risk factor for urolithiasis.

A. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent further harm or complications. Tube feeding for a special needs student is not aimed at preventing the initial onset of a condition or injury.
B. Quaternary prevention focuses on avoiding unnecessary medical interventions and reducing the risk of over-medicalization. Tube feeding for a special needs student is a necessary medical intervention.
C. Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and treating existing conditions to prevent further complications or disability. Helping a special needs student with tube feeding is aimed at managing their existing condition (inability to eat orally) to prevent malnutrition or other complications.
D. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the initial onset of a condition or injury. Tube feeding for a special needs student is not aimed at preventing the initial onset of their inability to eat orally.