A nurse is caring for a client who has depression and reports only sleeping a few hours each night. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the client to promote sleep?

A. Consuming alcohol close to bedtime can disrupt sleep patterns. While alcohol may initially induce drowsiness, it often leads to fragmented and poor-quality sleep later in the night. Therefore, advising the client to drink alcohol before bedtime is not recommended.
B. Taking long or late-afternoon naps can interfere with nighttime sleep patterns, especially for individuals experiencing insomnia or sleep disturbances related to depression. Napping can make it harder to fall asleep or stay asleep at night, thereby exacerbating sleep problems rather than improving them.
C. Eating a large or heavy meal just before bedtime can lead to discomfort, indigestion, and even heartburn, which can interfere with falling asleep and staying asleep. It's generally advisable to avoid heavy meals close to bedtime to promote better sleep quality.
D. Caffeine is a stimulant that can interfere with sleep. Consuming caffeinated beverages, especially in the afternoon or evening, can make it difficult for individuals with depression to fall asleep and can contribute to fragmented sleep. Limiting caffeine intake earlier in the day can help promote better sleep hygiene.

A. This statement is incorrect. Under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States and similar privacy laws in other countries, healthcare providers are generally prohibited from disclosing a client's health information to their employer without the client's explicit consent.
B. This statement is correct. HIPAA and other privacy laws extend confidentiality protections beyond a client's death. Healthcare providers are still obligated to protect the confidentiality of deceased individuals' health information, unless certain exceptions apply (e.g., public health reasons or legal requirements).
C. Consent from a provider is not sufficient for discussing health information with a client's family; the consent must come from the client or their legal representative.
D. While it is generally good practice to obtain consent from the client before disclosing health information to their family members, there are circumstances where healthcare providers can share information with family members without consent.