A nurse is caring for a client who has impaired speech. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

The correct answer is: a. Decrease in body fat

Choice A: Decrease in body fat

Older adults typically experience a decrease in lean body mass and an increase in body fat percentage. However, the absolute amount of body fat may decrease due to overall weight loss and muscle mass reduction.

Choice B: Increase in muscle mass

This statement is incorrect because muscle mass generally decreases with age due to sarcopenia, a condition characterized by the loss of muscle mass and strength.

Choice C: Increase in gag reflex

This statement is incorrect because the gag reflex often diminishes with age. Older adults may experience a reduced gag reflex due to decreased sensitivity and muscle tone.

Choice D: Decrease in systolic blood pressure

This statement is incorrect because systolic blood pressure usually increases with age due to arterial stiffness and other cardiovascular changes.

Choice A reason : While nasopharyngeal suctioning may be necessary to clear secretions, it should be done with the client's consent and in a manner that maintains their dignity. It is not the primary action to support dignity.

Choice B reason : Giving the client privacy during care is a fundamental way to support their dignity. It respects their personal space and autonomy, even in a vulnerable state.

Choice C reason : Demonstrating empathy is crucial in end-of-life care, as it acknowledges the client's feelings and experiences. However, it is not an action but rather an approach or attitude.

Choice D reason : Providing care with an optimistic attitude can be supportive, but it must be balanced with realism, especially in end-of-life situations where the focus is on comfort and dignity.

Choice E reason : Telling the client that their condition will improve may not be appropriate in end-of-life care, as it may not be truthful and could undermine trust.