A nurse is assisting with teaching a client about over-the-counter medications used to treat insomnia. The nurse should include that which of the following is an adverse reaction of diphenhydramine?

Choice A reason : Drinking caffeinated beverages in the evening.Caffeine is a stimulant that can significantly disrupt the sleep-wake cycle. Consuming caffeinated beverages in the evening can lead to difficulty initiating sleep because caffeine blocks the action of adenosine, a chemical that promotes sleep. The effects of caffeine can last several hours, thus affecting the quality and duration of sleep.

Choice B reason : Emotional stress activates the body's stress response, causing the release of hormones like cortisol, which increases alertness and can delay the onset of sleep. Chronic stress can lead to a hyperarousal state, making it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep.

Choice C reason : Bright light.Exposure to bright light, especially blue light from screens, can interfere with the production of melatonin, the hormone that signals the body to prepare for sleep. This can shift the circadian rhythm and disrupt the sleep-wake cycle, making it harder to fall asleep at the usual time.

Choice D reason : A short nap during the day, typically 20-30 minutes, can be beneficial and usually does not interfere with nighttime sleep. However, longer or later naps can make it more difficult to fall asleep at night.

Choice A reason : Determining the success of coping strategies is an important part of the nursing process, but it is not the first step when caring for a client experiencing grief. The initial step should be to assess the client's current state, including their grieving process, before evaluating the effectiveness of past coping strategies.

Choice B reason : Establishing whether the client's grieving is healthy or complicated is the first action the nurse should take according to the nursing process. This assessment helps to identify the client's needs and guides the subsequent planning of care. Healthy grieving is a natural response to loss, whereas complicated grief may require more intensive intervention and support.

Choice C reason : Developing client-specific goals and outcomes is a crucial part of the nursing process but should come after the nurse has established a clear understanding of the client's grieving process. Goals and outcomes should be based on the initial assessment and tailored to the client's individual situation.

Choice D reason : Incorporating the treatment into the client's care is part of the implementation phase of the nursing process. This step occurs after the nurse has assessed the client, established goals, and planned interventions. Treatment should be based on a thorough understanding of the client's grieving process.