A nurse is assisting with teaching a client about over-the-counter medications used to treat insomnia. The nurse should include that which of the following is an adverse reaction of diphenhydramine?

Dry mouth

Hypertension

Memory loss

Medications

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason : Dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, is a common side effect of diphenhydramine, an antihistamine used to treat insomnia among other conditions. It occurs because diphenhydramine has anticholinergic properties, which means it inhibits the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This inhibition can reduce saliva production, leading to a feeling of dryness in the mouth.

Choice B reason : Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is not a typical side effect of diphenhydramine. While some medications, particularly decongestants, can raise blood pressure, diphenhydramine does not usually have this effect. However, individuals with pre-existing heart conditions should consult a healthcare provider before using it.

Choice C reason : Memory loss is not commonly listed as a side effect of diphenhydramine. However, because it can cause drowsiness and has sedative effects, it may lead to temporary forgetfulness or confusion, especially in older adults or when taken in higher doses.

Choice D reason : 'Medications' is not an adverse reaction but rather a general term for drugs used to diagnose, treat, or prevent illness. In the context of diphenhydramine, it would be more appropriate to discuss specific side effects or adverse reactions related to its use.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is: a. Decrease in body fat

Choice A: Decrease in body fat

Older adults typically experience a decrease in lean body mass and an increase in body fat percentage. However, the absolute amount of body fat may decrease due to overall weight loss and muscle mass reduction.

Choice B: Increase in muscle mass

This statement is incorrect because muscle mass generally decreases with age due to sarcopenia, a condition characterized by the loss of muscle mass and strength.

Choice C: Increase in gag reflex

This statement is incorrect because the gag reflex often diminishes with age. Older adults may experience a reduced gag reflex due to decreased sensitivity and muscle tone.

Choice D: Decrease in systolic blood pressure

This statement is incorrect because systolic blood pressure usually increases with age due to arterial stiffness and other cardiovascular changes.

A. I will go to bed at the same time, even if I am not tired. B. I will stop exercising at least 2 hours before bedtime. C. I will watch television in my bedroom before I go to sleep. D. I will take a short nap each day.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason : Going to bed at the same time every night, even when not feeling tired, can help regulate the body's clock and aid in falling asleep at a regular time. However, lying in bed awake can lead to frustration and should be avoided. If sleep does not come within 20 minutes, it's recommended to get up and do something relaxing until feeling sleepy.

Choice B reason : Exercising can increase alertness and endorphin levels which can make it difficult to fall asleep if done too close to bedtime. Stopping exercise at least 2 hours before bedtime allows the body to wind down and prepare for sleep, making this statement correct and indicative of an understanding of good sleep hygiene practices.

Choice C reason : Watching television or engaging in other stimulating activities in the bedroom can associate the space with wakefulness rather than sleep. The light from screens can also suppress melatonin production, making it harder to fall asleep. Therefore, this statement does not reflect an understanding of the teaching on good sleep practices.

Choice D reason : Taking long naps, especially in the late afternoon or evening, can interfere with nighttime sleep. If naps are necessary, they should be limited to 20-30 minutes and taken earlier in the day. This statement suggests a misunderstanding of the impact of napping on sleep quality at night.

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A nurse is assisting with teaching a client about over-the-counter medications used to treat insomnia. The nurse should include that which of the following is an adverse reaction of diphenhydramine?

Nursing Test Bank

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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