A nurse is caring for a client who has posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after being physically assaulted. The client is unable to recall any details of the event. Which of the following defense mechanisms should the nurse recognize that the client is displaying?

A. “I place my child in time-out for 15 minutes when they misbehave.”: This statement indicates a clear understanding of time-out as a form of discipline. Time-out is typically implemented for a short duration, often recommended to be around one minute per year of the child's age (e.g., 3 minutes for a 3-year-old). Placing the child in time-out for 15 minutes aligns with this understanding.

B. "I send my child to their room for the time-out period.": Sending a child to their room as a time-out may not be as effective, as the child may have access to toys, books, or other distractions in their room. Time-out is more effective when the child is placed in a designated, neutral area with minimal stimulation.

C. “I make use of time-out after giving three warnings.": While giving warnings before implementing time-out can be part of a structured discipline approach, the number of warnings may vary depending on the situation and the child's behavior. There is no universally recommended number of warnings before using time-out.

D. “I use a kitchen timer to mark the end of the time-out period.”: Using a kitchen timer to mark the end of the time-out period is a practical strategy that helps ensure consistency and fairness in the duration of time-out. It indicates an understanding of the need to adhere to a specific time frame for time-out.Using a timer helps ensure that the time-out duration is consistent and allows the child to know when the consequence ends.

A. Encourage the client to attend group therapy sessions: While group therapy can be beneficial for some individuals with panic disorder by providing support and opportunities for learning coping strategies, it may not be appropriate for all clients. Some clients may feel overwhelmed or anxious in group settings, especially during panic attacks. The nurse should assess the client's readiness and comfort level with group therapy and individualize the treatment plan accordingly.

B. Allow the client to choose scheduled daily activities: Providing the client with a sense of control and autonomy over their daily activities can be helpful in managing anxiety and panic symptoms. However, this intervention alone may not address the specific cognitive and behavioral aspects of panic disorder. It is important to incorporate other evidence-based interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques, into the treatment plan to address the underlying causes of panic attacks.

C. Use simple words to describe procedures to the client: Individuals with panic disorder may experience difficulty processing information and focusing during panic attacks or periods of heightened anxiety. Using simple and clear language to describe procedures can help reduce confusion and alleviate anxiety in these situations. It is important to provide information in a calm and reassuring manner to facilitate understanding and cooperation.

D. Avoid discussing topics that can trigger a panic attack: While it is important to be mindful of potential triggers for panic attacks, avoiding all discussion of triggering topics may not be practical or helpful in the long term. Instead, the nurse should work collaboratively with the client to identify triggers and develop coping strategies to manage them effectively. Avoidance alone may reinforce avoidance behaviors and perpetuate anxiety.