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A nurse is caring for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and notes the client is declining. Which of the following would indicate the client is in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?

Hypertension

Fruity breath

Ketosis

Glucose level of 650 mg/dL

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hypertension can be a symptom of many conditions and is not specific to HHS.

B. Fruity breath is typically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) due to the presence of acetone, not HHS.

C. Ketosis is a key feature of DKA, not HHS. In HHS, ketosis is usually absent or minimal.

D. A glucose level of 650 mg/dL is indicative of HHS, which is characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels without significant ketosis. HHS often occurs in type

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Adjusting the rate of the bladder irrigation might be necessary, but it is not the first action to take when there is no drainage.

B. Ambulating the client can help promote bladder function, but it is not the immediate priority when assessing catheter function.

C. Notifying the provider is important if the issue cannot be resolved, but the nurse should first attempt to resolve common, simple issues like a kinked tube.

D. Checking the tubing for kinks is the most immediate and logical first action to take. Kinks in the tubing can obstruct urine flow, and correcting this can often resolve the issue without further intervention.

A. Purple striae B. Moon face C. Bronze pigmentation D. Buffalo hump E. Poor wound healing

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Purple striae (stretch marks) are common in Cushing's syndrome due to skin thinning and the redistribution of fat.

B. A "moon face" is a classic sign of Cushing's syndrome, caused by fat deposition in the face.

C. Bronze pigmentation is associated with Addison's disease, not Cushing's syndrome.

D. A "buffalo hump," or fat accumulation on the upper back, is another characteristic feature of Cushing's syndrome.

E. Poor wound healing is expected in Cushing's syndrome due to the effects of prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels, which impair immune function and tissue repair.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and notes the client is declining. Which of the following would indicate the client is in a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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