A nurse is caring for a client who is at risk for alcohol withdrawal delirium.
Which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?

Choice A rationale

Brown-colored urine is a common side effect of nitrofurantoin and does not typically indicate a serious issue. It results from the excretion of the drug and its metabolites through the urine, which can change its color.

Choice B rationale

Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections. It does not provide relief for peripheral nerve pain, which is typically treated with medications such as gabapentin or pregabalin that target nerve function.

Choice C rationale

Nitrofurantoin tablets or capsules should not be crushed as this can affect the release mechanism of the medication. Crushing the medication may lead to rapid release and absorption, potentially causing gastrointestinal irritation.

Choice D rationale

Nitrofurantoin can cause pulmonary reactions, including cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. These symptoms may indicate serious adverse effects such as pulmonary fibrosis or hypersensitivity pneumonitis, necessitating immediate medical attention.

Choice A rationale

Ganciclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat cytomegalovirus infections, not UTIs. Cytomegalovirus is a type of herpesvirus that can cause serious infections in immunocompromised individuals.

Choice B rationale

Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication used for severe fungal infections, not for bacterial UTIs. It is often reserved for life-threatening mycotic infections due to its toxicity.

Choice C rationale

Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic effective against various bacterial infections but not typically used for UTIs. It is often prescribed for respiratory infections and sexually transmitted infections.

Choice D rationale

Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic specifically effective against common UTI pathogens. It is concentrated in the urine, making it particularly effective for urinary tract infections.