A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed heparin via intravenous (IV). 40 minutes after the administration of heparin, the client reports "coughing up blood" and notes there is blood in his stool.
Based on the client's presenting symptoms, which of the following options is an antidote for this client?
Benztropine.
Protamine sulfate.
Vitamin K.
Digibind.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Benztropine is an anticholinergic agent used to treat Parkinsonism and extrapyramidal symptoms, not suitable for reversing heparin effects.
Choice B rationale
Protamine sulfate is the specific antidote for heparin overdose. It works by neutralizing the anticoagulant effects of heparin.
Choice C rationale
Vitamin K is an antidote for warfarin overdose, promoting the synthesis of clotting factors, but ineffective against heparin.
Choice D rationale
Digibind is an antidote for digoxin toxicity, not appropriate for counteracting heparin.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Metastasis is when cancerous cells spread into or invade nearby tissues and can travel to distant places in the body to form new tumors. This process involves the detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor, their movement through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and the establishment of new tumors in other parts of the body.
Choice B rationale
Metastasis specifically involves cancerous cells, not normal cells. Normal cells do not spread and invade other tissues in a way that causes new tumor formation.
Choice C rationale
Metastasis refers to the spread of cancerous cells, not normal cells. Normal cells do not exhibit the same invasive and migratory behaviors as cancerous cells.
Choice D rationale
Metastasis involves the spread of cancerous cells, which can lead to the formation of malignant tumors in distant parts of the body. It does not treat tumors but rather contributes to the progression of cancer.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that acts on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, not the distal tubule.
Choice B rationale
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works on the collecting ducts and late distal tubules, not the distal tubule.
Choice C rationale
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that acts on the proximal tubule and the descending limb of the loop of Henle, not the distal tubule.
Choice D rationale
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that works on the distal convoluted tubule, making it the correct answer.
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