A nurse is caring for a client who states he has a nevus that has increased in size and changed in color. On examination, the nurse notes an elevated two centimeter lesion that is dark brownish-black in color with irregular borders. The nurse should recognize that these findings are consistent with which of the following medical diagnoses?

Malignant melanoma

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

Kaposi's sarcoma

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Malignant melanoma is a type of skin cancer that often presents as a mole that changes in size, color, and appearance. The description of the lesion being dark brownish-black with irregular borders is characteristic of malignant melanoma. This type of cancer can metastasize rapidly and requires prompt medical intervention for diagnosis and treatment.

Choice B reason: Basal cell carcinoma typically appears as a pearly or waxy bump, often with visible blood vessels. It is less likely to present as a dark, irregularly bordered lesion. Basal cell carcinoma is generally slow-growing and less likely to change rapidly in size and color compared to malignant melanoma.

Choice C reason: Squamous cell carcinoma often presents as a red, scaly, and thickened patch on the skin, sometimes with a crusted or ulcerated surface. While it can change in size, it does not typically appear as a dark, irregularly bordered lesion. Squamous cell carcinoma usually develops in areas of the skin exposed to the sun and has a different presentation compared to malignant melanoma.

Choice D reason: Kaposi's sarcoma presents as purplish, reddish-blue, or dark brown lesions that are often flat or slightly raised. These lesions are common in clients with AIDS but are usually smaller and less likely to have irregular borders compared to malignant melanoma. The description provided is more consistent with malignant melanoma than Kaposi's sarcoma.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: While a healthy diet is important, avoiding fried foods alone is not sufficient for managing hepatitis A. This statement does not fully address the necessary precautions to prevent transmission.

Choice B reason: The correct answer is b because abstaining from sexual intercourse is essential to prevent the spread of hepatitis A. The virus can be transmitted through close personal contact, including sexual activity.

Choice C reason: Refraining from international travel may be advisable in some cases, but it is not a specific requirement for managing hepatitis A. This statement does not directly address transmission prevention.

Choice D reason: Avoiding salads in restaurants can help reduce the risk of foodborne transmission of hepatitis A, but it is not as comprehensive as abstaining from sexual intercourse, which directly prevents person-to-person transmission.

A. Place tissue soiled with respiratory secretions in a paper bag for later disposal. B. Provide samples for sputum cultures every 6 weeks. C. Consume alcohol in moderation while taking antituberculosis medications. D. Wear a mask while out or around crowds of people.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Placing tissue soiled with respiratory secretions in a paper bag for later disposal is not an appropriate infection control measure. Used tissues should be disposed of immediately in a proper waste receptacle to prevent the spread of tuberculosis bacteria.

Choice B reason: Sputum cultures should be provided more frequently than every 6 weeks to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment and to confirm when the client is no longer infectious. Monthly cultures are typically recommended until the patient shows no signs of active infection.

Choice C reason: Consuming alcohol in moderation while taking antituberculosis medications is not advised. Alcohol can interfere with the effectiveness of the medications and may also exacerbate potential side effects, such as liver toxicity, especially with medications like isoniazid and rifampin.

Choice D reason: The correct answer is d because wearing a mask while out or around crowds of people helps prevent the spread of tuberculosis. TB is an airborne disease, and wearing a mask reduces the risk of transmitting the infection to others.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions with a client who has hepatitis

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to review discharge instructions with a client who has pulmonary tuberculosis. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting who reports he is no longer certain he wants to have the procedure. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client and identifies a serum potassium of 6.8 mEq/L. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?

A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who has hypocalcemia. For which of the following signs should the nurse monitor?

A nurse is caring for a client who has recurrent kidney stones and a history of diabetes mellitus. The client is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). The nurse should collect additional data about which of the following statements made by the client?

A nurse is caring for a client who is using a patient-controlled analgesia (PC

A nurse is assisting in the planning of care for a client who has acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend including in the plan of care?

A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who requires a hysterectomy and states, "I've decided to delay having this surgery for several months." Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

A nurse is caring for a client who is suspected to have active laryngeal tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take to safely care for this client?