A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client's beta cells are restoring normal function?

HbA1c = 5.6%

Client reports smoking cessation

Weight gain of 5 lb

Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/Dl

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. HbA1c = 5.6%. HbA1c measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. A level of 5.6% is within the normal range (below 5.7%), indicating good glycemic control. This suggests that the client’s diabetes is well managed, potentially indicating that the beta cells are functioning well and insulin sensitivity has improved.

B. Client reports smoking cessation: While smoking cessation is very beneficial for overall health and can improve diabetes management, it does not directly indicate beta cell function restoration. It is more related to reducing cardiovascular risks and improving long-term health outcomes.

C. Weight gain of 5 lb: Weight gain is not typically a sign of improving beta cell function. In fact, weight gain can sometimes indicate poor control of diabetes, as insulin resistance can worsen with increased weight. It is not a direct measure of beta cell activity.

D. Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL: A fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL is above the normal range and suggests poor glycemic control, indicating that beta cells are not functioning adequately to maintain normal glucose levels. This value points to ongoing issues with insulin resistance or secretion.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Percuss each lung segment for 15 min.: Percussing each lung segment for 15 minutes is excessive and could be uncomfortable or even harmful to the child. CPT sessions are typically shorter and are rotated among different lung segments to effectively clear secretions without causing discomfort or damage.

B. Perform vibration during the client's inspirations. Vibration is usually performed during the client's expirations, not inspirations. This helps to dislodge mucus and facilitate its removal during the exhalation phase when the airways are narrowing and pushing mucus out.

C. Administer albuterol prior to CPT: Administering a bronchodilator like albuterol before CPT helps to open the airways, making it easier to clear mucus. This is a recommended practice to enhance the effectiveness of CPT and improve airway clearance.

D. Perform CPT immediately after the child eats. Performing CPT immediately after eating is not advisable because it can lead to discomfort, nausea, or vomiting. It is typically recommended to wait at least 1-2 hours after meals to perform CPT.

A. Heat intolerance B. Tachycardia C. Diarrhea D. Facial edema

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Heat intolerance: Heat intolerance is typically associated with hyperthyroidism, where metabolic processes are increased. Myxedema is a severe form of hypothyroidism, characterized by a decreased metabolic rate, which would more likely cause cold intolerance, not heat intolerance.

B. Tachycardia: Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) is generally seen in hyperthyroidism due to increased metabolism. Myxedema, which is associated with hypothyroidism, more commonly presents with bradycardia (slow heart rate).

C. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is a symptom of hyperthyroidism because of the increased gastrointestinal motility. In hypothyroidism, and specifically myxedema, constipation is more common due to decreased GI motility.

D. Facial edema: Myxedema is characterized by significant hypothyroidism leading to the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues, causing facial edema and a puffy appearance. This is a classic symptom of severe hypothyroidism.

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A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client's beta cells are restoring normal function?

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