A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client's beta cells are restoring normal function?

HbA1c = 5.6%

Client reports smoking cessation

Weight gain of 5 lb

Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/Dl

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. HbA1c = 5.6%. HbA1c measures the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. A level of 5.6% is within the normal range (below 5.7%), indicating good glycemic control. This suggests that the client’s diabetes is well managed, potentially indicating that the beta cells are functioning well and insulin sensitivity has improved.

B. Client reports smoking cessation: While smoking cessation is very beneficial for overall health and can improve diabetes management, it does not directly indicate beta cell function restoration. It is more related to reducing cardiovascular risks and improving long-term health outcomes.

C. Weight gain of 5 lb: Weight gain is not typically a sign of improving beta cell function. In fact, weight gain can sometimes indicate poor control of diabetes, as insulin resistance can worsen with increased weight. It is not a direct measure of beta cell activity.

D. Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL: A fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL is above the normal range and suggests poor glycemic control, indicating that beta cells are not functioning adequately to maintain normal glucose levels. This value points to ongoing issues with insulin resistance or secretion.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "These tests help determine the degree of damage to the heart tissues.": Cardiac enzymes, such as troponins and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), are released into the blood when heart muscle is damaged. Elevated levels indicate the presence and extent of myocardial injury, helping to confirm the diagnosis of an MI.

B. "These tests will enable the provider to determine the heart structure and mobility of the heart valves.": This is incorrect; cardiac enzymes do not provide information about heart structure or valve function. An echocardiogram or other imaging studies are used for structural assessment.

C. "Cardiac enzymes assist in diagnosing the presence of pulmonary congestion.": Pulmonary congestion is not directly diagnosed with cardiac enzymes. It is typically identified through clinical assessment and imaging like chest X-rays.

D. "Cardiac enzymes will identify the location of the MI.": While cardiac enzymes confirm the presence of myocardial damage, they do not specify the exact location. The location is identified using ECG and imaging techniques.

A. 4 oz diet soda B. 1 tsp sugar C. 4 oz skim milk D. Graham crackers

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. 4 oz diet soda: Diet soda contains artificial sweeteners, not real sugar, and therefore will not effectively raise blood glucose levels. It's not suitable for treating hypoglycemia.

B. 1 tsp sugar: While 1 tsp of sugar can provide some glucose, the amount is insufficient to treat hypoglycemia effectively. The American Diabetes Association recommends 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates, which is equivalent to about 4 teaspoons of sugar, not 1.

C. 4 oz skim milk: Skim milk contains both carbohydrates (approximately 12 grams of carbohydrates per 8 oz, so 4 oz would provide around 6 grams) and protein. While it can help raise blood glucose, it may not provide the recommended 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates to treat hypoglycemia quickly enough.

D. Graham crackers: Foods with a high glycemic index (GI), such as graham crackers, can cause blood sugar levels to rise relatively quickly. Graham crackers, being high in refined carbohydrates, can indeed result in a rapid increase in blood glucose levels compared to low-GI foods.

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A nurse is caring for a client who was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 years ago. The client reports following the recommended diet and exercising four times per week. Which of the following findings indicates that the client's beta cells are restoring normal function?

Nursing Test Bank

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