A nurse is caring for a client with chronic renal failure. Which symptom should the nurse prioritize as an early clinical manifestation of kidney dysfunction?
Fatigue and weakness
Hematuria (blood in the urinE.
Shortness of breath and chest pain
Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Correct. Fatigue and weakness are early clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure, often due to anemia and the accumulation of waste products in the blood.
B. Incorrect. Hematuria may be present in some cases of kidney dysfunction, but it is not typically an early symptom of chronic renal failure.
C. Incorrect. Shortness of breath and chest pain are more likely to be associated with fluid overload or cardiac issues, which may occur in advanced stages of chronic renal failure.
D. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia is a complication of chronic renal failure but may not be an early clinical manifestation. It is more likely to occur as kidney function declines and potassium excretion becomes impaired.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Encouraging the client to drink 3 liters of fluid daily may be excessive and can contribute to fluid overload in individuals on hemodialysis. Fluid intake needs to be limited and closely monitored.
B. Correct. Monitoring the vascular access site is crucial to detect early signs of infection or clotting, which can lead to serious complications such as sepsis or thrombosis.
C. Incorrect. Phosphate binders are used to control phosphate levels in the blood and are generally taken with meals, not specifically before hemodialysis sessions.
D. Incorrect. Promoting a high-potassium diet is not appropriate for individuals on hemodialysis, as it can lead to hyperkalemia. Clients on hemodialysis typically need to restrict potassium intake.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Antibiotics are generally safe and are not known to be a risk factor for chronic renal failure.
B. Incorrect. Antihypertensive medications are essential for managing high blood pressure and reducing the risk of kidney damage in individuals with hypertension. They are not considered a risk factor for chronic renal failure.
C. Correct. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to treat conditions such as acid reflux and peptic ulcers. Prolonged and high-dose use of PPIs has been associated with an increased risk of kidney disease, including acute interstitial nephritis and chronic kidney disease.
D. Incorrect. Antipyretics such as acetaminophen are generally safe when used appropriately and are not considered a risk factor for chronic renal failure.
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