A nurse is caring for a client with chronic renal failure. Which symptom should the nurse prioritize as an early clinical manifestation of kidney dysfunction?

Fatigue and weakness

Hematuria (blood in the urinE.

Shortness of breath and chest pain

Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Correct. Fatigue and weakness are early clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure, often due to anemia and the accumulation of waste products in the blood.

B. Incorrect. Hematuria may be present in some cases of kidney dysfunction, but it is not typically an early symptom of chronic renal failure.

C. Incorrect. Shortness of breath and chest pain are more likely to be associated with fluid overload or cardiac issues, which may occur in advanced stages of chronic renal failure.

D. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia is a complication of chronic renal failure but may not be an early clinical manifestation. It is more likely to occur as kidney function declines and potassium excretion becomes impaired.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Incorrect. ESA therapy is not directly related to dehydration or thirst. It is used to manage anemia by stimulating red blood cell production.

B. Correct. ESA therapy can increase red blood cell production, which may elevate blood pressure. Regular blood pressure monitoring is essential to ensure it remains within a safe range.

C. Incorrect. Increased appetite and weight gain are not typical side effects of ESA therapy.

D. Incorrect. ESA therapy is not associated with an increased risk of bleeding or restrictions on engaging in strenuous activities. It is used to manage anemia and improve overall blood cell counts.

A. "Take the phosphate binders with a glass of milk for better absorption." B. "Avoid taking the phosphate binders with meals to prevent stomach upset." C. "Consume foods rich in vitamin D to enhance the effectiveness of the binders." D. "Calcium-based phosphate binders may cause constipation, so drink plenty of fluids."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Calcium-based phosphate binders should not be taken with milk or calcium-rich foods, as this can lead to an excessive calcium load and increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

B. Incorrect. Calcium-based phosphate binders are most effective when taken with meals to bind to dietary phosphorus.

C. Incorrect. While vitamin D plays a role in calcium metabolism, its supplementation is not directly related to the use of calcium-based phosphate binders.

D. Correct. Constipation is a common side effect of calcium-based phosphate binders. Increasing fluid intake can help alleviate constipation and promote bowel regularity.

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A nurse is caring for a client with chronic renal failure. Which symptom should the nurse prioritize as an early clinical manifestation of kidney dysfunction?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with chronic renal failure is prescribed erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ES

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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