A nurse is caring for a client with chronic renal failure. Which symptom should the nurse prioritize as an early clinical manifestation of kidney dysfunction?

Fatigue and weakness

Hematuria (blood in the urinE.

Shortness of breath and chest pain

Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Correct. Fatigue and weakness are early clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure, often due to anemia and the accumulation of waste products in the blood.

B. Incorrect. Hematuria may be present in some cases of kidney dysfunction, but it is not typically an early symptom of chronic renal failure.

C. Incorrect. Shortness of breath and chest pain are more likely to be associated with fluid overload or cardiac issues, which may occur in advanced stages of chronic renal failure.

D. Incorrect. Hyperkalemia is a complication of chronic renal failure but may not be an early clinical manifestation. It is more likely to occur as kidney function declines and potassium excretion becomes impaired.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Correct. The GFR test measures how well the kidneys are filtering waste and fluids from the blood. It is an essential indicator of kidney function and is commonly used to diagnose and stage chronic renal failure.

B. Incorrect. The volume of urine produced in 24 hours is measured through a different test called the 24-hour urine collection, not the GFR test.

C. Incorrect. While the GFR test is used to assess kidney function, it is not specific to diagnosing particular kidney diseases like glomerulonephritis.

D. Incorrect. The GFR test does not specifically assess the excretion of potassium and sodium in the urine; instead, it focuses on overall kidney function and filtration rate.

A. Proteinuria B. Hypokalemia C. Hypernatremia D. Fluid overload

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Proteinuria, or the presence of excessive protein in the urine, may be a symptom of kidney dysfunction, but it is not directly related to periorbital edema and swelling of the ankles and feet.

B. Incorrect. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, may cause muscle weakness and other symptoms but is not associated with the specific edema described.

C. Incorrect. Hypernatremia, or high sodium levels, may lead to symptoms such as thirst and confusion but does not typically cause peripheral edema.

D. Correct. Periorbital edema (swelling around the eyes) and edema in the ankles and feet are classic signs of fluid overload in chronic renal failure. The impaired kidney function in chronic renal failure leads to the retention of fluid and sodium in the body, resulting in edema.

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A nurse is caring for a client with chronic renal failure. Which symptom should the nurse prioritize as an early clinical manifestation of kidney dysfunction?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with chronic renal failure asks the nurse about the purpose of a GFR (glomerular filtration ratE. test. What is the nurse's best response?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with chronic renal failure is experiencing periorbital edema and swelling of the ankles and feet. Which complication should the nurse suspect based on these clinical manifestations?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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