A nurse is caring for a newborn who is small for gestational age. Which of the following findings is associated with this condition?

Protruding abdomen

Gray umbilical cord

Moist skin

Wide skull sutures

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:
A protruding abdomen is not specifically associated with being small for gestational age and can have various other causes in newborns.
Choice B rationale:
A gray umbilical cord is not a typical finding associated with being small for gestational age. Choice C rationale:
Moist skin is not a specific finding associated with being small for gestational age and can be observed in all newborns.
Choice D rationale:
Wide skull sutures are associated with being small for gestational age, as the skull bones may not fully close due to restricted growth in the womb.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:
A gynaecoid pelvis is considered the most favorable pelvic shape for childbirth and is not a contributing cause of difficult, prolonged labor.
Choice B rationale:

A longitudinal fetal lie (baby's spine aligned with the mother's spine) is a normal and favorable presentation for birth and is not a contributing cause of difficult, prolonged labor.
Choice C rationale:
A persistent occiput posterior position (baby's head facing the mother's abdomen instead of her back) can be a contributing cause of difficult, prolonged labor and may lead to a severe backache for the mother.
Choice D rationale:
Fetal attitude in general flexion (baby's head flexed forward, chin to chest) is a normal and favorable presentation for birth and is not a contributing cause of difficult, prolonged labor.

A. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) absent B. Nonstress test is reactive C. Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio of 2:1 D. Biophysical profile score of 8

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale: The presence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in the amniotic fluid is another indicator of fetal lung maturity. The absence of PG is associated with an increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the newborn.
Choice B rationale: A nonstress test is a test performed during pregnancy to evaluate the fetal heart rate in response to fetal movement. It is not directly related to assessing fetal lung maturity.
Choice C rationale: The L/S ratio is an important indicator of fetal lung maturity. Lecithin and sphingomyelin are two surfactants present in the lungs, and the ratio of these two substances increases as the fetal lungs mature. An L/S ratio of 2:1 or greater is considered an indication of lung maturity and suggests that the newborn should be able to breathe adequately after birth.
Choice D rationale: The biophysical profile (BPP) is a prenatal ultrasound assessment of the fetus, which includes evaluating fetal movements, breathing, heart rate, and amniotic fluid volume. While a BPP of 8 is a reassuring score, it does not provide direct information about fetal lung maturity.

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A nurse is caring for a newborn who is small for gestational age. Which of the following findings is associated with this condition?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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